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Comm #3611
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Sorbus decora - Acer spicatum / Dryopteris carthusiana Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34016-{FAE9F859-20FF-414F-81F1-CEED17B1FE43}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This type is only known from Isle Royale National Park in Michigan, where it is restricted to a few outer islands in Rock Harbor at the northeastern end of the park. Stands occupy sites on gentle to moderate slopes at low elevations (under 200 m [650 feet]). Soils are moderately well- to well-drained loam to sandy loam. The vegetation is an unusual type of deciduous forested scrub. Canopy cover varies from 40-90% cover; <i>Sorbus decora</i> is the most abundant canopy tree. <i>Acer spicatum</i> may be codominant, and other less common trees include <i>Abies balsamea, Picea glauca</i>, and <i>Betula papyrifera</i>. Cover of shrubs varies from about 10-70%. <i>Oplopanax horridus</i> may be a common understory shrub (but is absent in some places); other common shrubs are <i>Rubus idaeus, Sambucus racemosa</i>, and <i>Taxus canadensis</i>. <i>Dryopteris carthusiana</i> is the most abundant herb; other common herbs are <i>Gymnocarpium dryopteris</i> and <i>Maianthemum canadense</i>. Cover of nonvascular plants is about 5-25%; the most abundant nonvascular plant is the epiphytic lichens called "old man's beard" or "hairy lichens" (<i>Usnea</i> spp.). |
Comm #3612
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Larix laricina / Chamaedaphne calyculata / Carex lasiocarpa Acidic Peatland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33989-{B2BBA679-B8C5-4D1F-8B30-CF3F31D27C56}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This tamarack / ericaceous scrub poor fen is found in the northern Great Lakes region of the United States and into central Canada. Stands occur on peatlands with low exposure to minerotrophic groundwater including basin fens, shores above the level of the seasonal flooding, and larger peatlands. The water regime is saturated, and the substrate is fibric to mesic peat. The microtopography is low to intermediate hummocks with hollows. The vegetation is an open fen dominated by ericaceous shrubs, sedges, and <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. The scattered tree layer of <i>Larix laricina</i> and <i>Picea mariana</i> >2 m is less than 10%. The low-shrub layer is dominated by <i>Betula pumila, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Larix laricina, Salix discolor</i>, and <i>Salix pedicellaris</i>. The herb layer is somewhat low in diversity, with graminoids including the dominant <i>Carex lasiocarpa</i>, as well as <i>Carex chordorrhiza</i> and <i>Carex limosa</i>. <i>Carex oligosperma</i> may also occur. Forbs include <i>Sarracenia purpurea, Maianthemum trifolium</i>, and <i>Menyanthes trifoliata</i>. Mosses include <i>Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fuscum</i> and <i>Sphagnum magellanicum</i>. Diagnostic features include the ericaceous and tree scrub cover, the somewhat lower species diversity compared to richer fens, and <i>Carex lasiocarpa</i> more common than <i>Carex oligosperma</i>. |
Comm #3613
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Spartina pectinata - Muhlenbergia richardsonis - Sporobolus heterolepis - Oligoneuron album - Euthamia graminifolia Riverscour Sparse Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33996-{193B1336-E4F3-4D14-A3D5-6601C99B1CDA}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This river ledge pavement community is found in the United States and Canada, ranging from northern Michigan, northern Wisconsin and southern Ontario to northern New York. Stands occur as small patches on limestone ledges along a river's shore; these ledges are scoured by river water and ice during periods of peak water flow. Typically, the community has an open canopy with less than 10% cover of trees or shrubs. The ground layer is dominated by grasses and sedges, or a mosaic of pavement patches and grassy patches. Cover of herbs is variable, with some areas having nearly 100% cover. Other areas have a lot of exposed rock pavement, with as little as 15% cover of herbs, and are confined to linear rock crevices. Characteristic species include <i>Euthamia graminifolia, Muhlenbergia richardsonis, Oligoneuron album, Spartina pectinata</i>, and <i>Sporobolus heterolepis</i>. |
Comm #3614
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Sagittaria latifolia - Leersia oryzoides Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34003-{CEBD04A8-6A85-4AD4-AF14-B212FE7806B4}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This arrowhead marsh type is found in the midwestern United States mostly along larger floodplains such as the upper Mississippi River and its larger tributaries. Stands occur in semipermanently flooded wetlands dominated by <i>Sagittaria latifolia</i> and/or <i>Leersia oryzoides</i>. In examples of this type, <i>Leersia oryzoides</i> typically occurs in more shallow areas or where the water recedes enough to allow it to establish, but not inhibit, <i>Sagittaria latifolia</i>. Other emergent aquatic species such as <i>Potamogeton</i> spp. and <i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> are also often present. Although this type can occur naturally, many examples along major waterways can be impacted by dams and/or impoundments. Examples of this community may become monospecific stands of either <i>Sagittaria latifolia</i> or <i>Leersia oryzoides</i>, especially in areas above dams along major rivers where the environment can be more lacustrine in nature. More information is needed to determine the range of this type outside of the upper Midwest. |
Comm #3615
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Redbeds (Siltstone, Sandstone, Gypsum) Sparse Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34024-{D330E26D-088E-4084-A587-BD95B801A4DC}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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The Redbeds rock outcrop type is found in the Black Hills region of the United States. Stands occur on outcrops of the Permo-Triassic Spearfish Formation, composed of red siltstones and shales. Gypsum lenses are common and often cap the slopes, small hills and buttes where redbeds are exposed. Due to the softness of the parent rock material, exposures are often eroded to produce badlands-like topography. Occasionally, small cliff-like outcrops develop where strata are more resistant to erosion. This is a sparse vegetation type with total vegetative cover usually less than 10%. Graminoids and forbs typically are equally represented. Frequently found species include <i>Artemisia frigida, Hesperostipa comata, Schizachyrium scoparium, Achnatherum hymenoides, Tetraneuris acaulis, Oxytropis lambertii, Heterotheca villosa, Paronychia depressa, Eriogonum pauciflorum, Hymenopappus filifolius</i>, and many other prairie forbs. Lichens and cryptogamic soils may be present. |
Comm #3616
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Pinus albicaulis - Abies lasiocarpa Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29037-{01AEC98B-E3D4-4C69-B011-DA28FF0B91B1}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This patchy or open woodland association occurs in the upper subalpine zone at, or just below, treeline across the central and northern Rocky Mountains. Elevations range from 2180-2870 m (5428-9400 feet). Sites are cold with a short growing season. They range from dry to relatively mesic depending on elevation, slope and aspect as they relate to wind exposure and snow accumulation. Stands occur predominantly on moderately to very steep slopes but also are found on exposed, wind-scoured flats. Substrates are typically rocky, with shallow to moderately deep soils, which are well- to excessively well-drained, gravelly or coarse-sandy loam or clay loam. Parent materials are variable, both calcareous and noncalcareous but are more often igneous or metamorphic, acidic rocks rather than calcareous sedimentary rocks, which seem to favor <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> regeneration. This association is characterized by an open canopy (15-40% cover). <i>Pinus albicaulis</i> with scattered <i>Picea engelmannii</i> and <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> form the overstory with the subcanopy dominated by <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>. Trees may be scattered or clustered in groves and are often wind-deformed and stunted, growing only 6-18 m (20-60 feet) tall or less. Occasionally <i>Pinus flexilis</i> or <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> may be present, but sites are generally too cold. The undergrowth is variable, depending on relative moisture, and typically depauperate. Shrub cover is highly variable in amount and species composition. <i>Juniperus communis</i> often dominates the dwarf-shrub layer (<0.5 m tall, though a short shrub in more optimal habitats) with 5-15% cover; <i>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</i> is often present with low cover. Other shrubs may be present; <i>Ribes montigenum, Ribes lacustre</i>, and <i>Vaccinium scoparium</i> occur scattered. The herbaceous layer is typically sparse (<15% cover). Herbaceous species of moderate to high constancy include <i>Antennaria</i> spp., <i>Arnica cordifolia, Carex geyeri, Carex rossii, Chamerion angustifolium, Lupinus argenteus, Penstemon virens, Sedum lanceolatum, Selaginella densa, Packera neomexicana, Thalictrum fendleri</i>, and <i>Thermopsis divaricarpa</i>. Disturbed sites often have higher cover of <i>Polygonum phytolaccifolium</i>. |
Comm #3617
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Juniperus virginiana Ruderal Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34675-{FFF854BE-5EDC-4CF7-B680-640D2D77D273}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This association is a broadly defined old-field early-successional community occurring in a variety of environmental settings in the northeastern states. Canopy closure and height are variable, as are shrub and herbaceous associates. <i>Juniperus virginiana</i> dominates the canopy layer. Common associates, typically occurring as scattered individuals, may include <i>Pinus strobus, Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus</i> spp., and <i>Prunus serotina</i>. Shrub cover varies, with the most forested stands having little or no shrub cover. Exotic shrubs such as <i>Elaeagnus umbellata, Lonicera morrowii, Ligustrum vulgare</i>, and <i>Rosa multiflora</i> are characteristic, along with <i>Rubus</i> spp. Herbaceous cover likewise varies. Common species in the more open-canopy stands include old-field denizens such as <i>Schizachyrium scoparium, Festuca rubra, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Agrostis gigantea, Andropogon virginicus, Elymus repens, Solidago rugosa, Solidago gigantea, Euthamia graminifolia, Monarda fistulosa, Toxicodendron radicans, Achillea millefolium</i>, and <i>Daucus carota</i>. In dense forest stands, herbs may be absent or limited to scattered shade-tolerant species such as <i>Alliaria petiolata</i> and <i>Allium vineale</i>, and <i>Dennstaedtia punctilobula</i>. These forests are often young and result from the colonization of old agricultural fields by <i>Juniperus virginiana</i> over native and exotic forbs and grasses. These stands may eventually succeed to other forest types as mid- and late-successional canopy species colonize and subsequently overtop the <i>Juniperus</i>. |
Comm #3618
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Iva frutescens / Spartina cynosuroides Tidal Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35276-{8025D25A-4D5D-4AEA-B4C4-ECF0A28BD635}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This brackish tidal shrubland occurs on the mesohaline portion of tidal rivers of the Chesapeake Bay on poorly drained peat overlying sand and mucky sand. This vegetation forms linear bands along levees and bordering tidal guts. Microtopography is relatively flat and lacks pronounced hummocks and hollows. The shrub canopy is moderately dense and codominated by <i>Iva frutescens</i> and <i>Spartina cynosuroides</i>. Other associates include <i>Baccharis halimifolia</i> and <i>Hibiscus moscheutos</i>. The species diversity of this vegetation is relatively low; associated herbs are often found on the edge of the stand and may include <i>Amaranthus cannabinus, Atriplex patula, Lythrum lineare, Polygonum punctatum, Schoenoplectus americanus, Solidago sempervirens, Spartina alterniflora</i>, and <i>Spartina patens</i>. |
Comm #3619
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Chamaecyparis thyoides - Acer rubrum - Magnolia virginiana Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34727-{182B795D-EDFF-4981-96D5-4037FD9F4EF4}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This is a mixed Atlantic white-cedar - red maple swamp of New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland. In addition to <i>Chamaecyparis thyoides</i> and <i>Acer rubrum</i>, other canopy associates include <i>Magnolia virginiana, Nyssa biflora, Nyssa sylvatica, Pinus taeda</i>, and <i>Fraxinus profunda</i>. <i>Ilex opaca</i> occasionally occurs in the subcanopy. The shrub layer is characterized by <i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> or <i>Vaccinium formosum, Clethra alnifolia, Ilex glabra, Gaylussacia frondosa, Rhododendron viscosum, Persea palustris, Smilax rotundifolia</i>, and <i>Smilax laurifolia</i>. The herbaceous layer may have sparse to moderate cover and includes species such as <i>Osmunda cinnamomea, Mitchella repens, Woodwardia virginica, Sarracenia purpurea, Triadenum virginicum, Pogonia ophioglossoides, Boehmeria cylindrica, Carex collinsii</i>, and <i>Carex folliculata</i>. In canopy openings, <i>Peltandra virginica, Orontium aquaticum</i>, and <i>Iris versicolor</i> may also occur. Sphagnum mosses form a moderately dense to dense bryophyte layer; species include <i>Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum flavicomans, Sphagnum recurvum</i>, and <i>Sphagnum fallax</i>. |
Comm #3620
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Nymphaea odorata - Eleocharis robbinsii Aquatic Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34735-{4DA18C0B-7640-4BB1-A47A-72994F48F663}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This hydromorphic Coastal Plain pond community ranges from southern New England to Maryland. It occurs in standing water in all but exceptionally dry years. The substrate is most often deep muck, but in oligotrophic ponds an organic layer may be absent or much reduced and the vegetation occurs on sand or mucky sand. Characteristic species include <i>Nymphaea odorata, Nymphoides cordata</i>, and <i>Eleocharis robbinsii</i>, with frequent associates including <i>Scleria reticularis, Gratiola aurea, Proserpinaca pectinata, Utricularia juncea, Brasenia schreberi, Pontederia cordata, Ludwigia</i> spp., <i>Utricularia</i> spp., and <i>Eriocaulon aquaticum</i>. |
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