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Comm #3621
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Deschampsia cespitosa - Claytonia virginica var. hammondiae Seepage Meadow
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34749-{2D42EC28-1269-4552-8D6A-B9CCD6239E08}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This forb-dominated acidic seepage wetland community is known from a single location on the Kittatinny Mountains of northern New Jersey where seepage water is diverted to the surface by a clay fragipan. The pH ranges from 4.5-4.7. The vegetation is dominated by <i>Deschampsia cespitosa, Carex bromoides, Carex atlantica ssp. atlantica</i>, and <i>Claytonia virginica var. hammondiae</i>. Other less frequent associates include <i>Symplocarpus foetidus, Osmunda cinnamomea, Maianthemum canadense, Viola cucullata, Kalmia angustifolia, Coptis trifolia</i>, and <i>Solidago puberula</i>. A bryophyte layer dominated by <i>Sphagnum</i> species included the following species: <i>Sphagnum bartlettianum, Sphagnum henryense, Sphagnum palustre</i>, and <i>Sphagnum recurvum</i>. <i>Cerastium biebersteinii</i>, an exotic of European origin, also occurs in this vegetation. |
Comm #3622
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Acer saccharum - Quercus muehlenbergii / Carex platyphylla Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34810-{B2145B4B-6577-4B47-8B19-711605E3AF24}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This dry calcareous forest occurs on upper slopes and wooded summits on limestone, dolomite or marble bedrock in the northeastern United States. The somewhat open canopy is characterized by a diversity of tree species, including <i>Acer saccharum, Quercus muehlenbergii, Tilia americana, Fraxinus americana</i>, and occasionally <i>Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus alba, Quercus prinus, Juglans cinerea, Juglans nigra, Carya cordiformis, Ulmus rubra, Carya ovata</i>, or <i>Carya ovalis</i>. <i>Ostrya virginiana, Betula lenta, Carya tomentosa, Celtis occidentalis</i>, and/or <i>Cornus florida</i> often form a subcanopy. Shrubs can include <i>Hamamelis virginiana, Carpinus caroliniana, Staphylea trifolia, Cornus alternifolia, Viburnum acerifolium, Ribes americanum</i>, and occasionally <i>Zanthoxylum americanum</i> or <i>Viburnum rafinesquianum</i>. Vines may include <i>Dioscorea villosa, Menispermum canadense, Parthenocissus quinquefolia</i>, and <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i>. The herb layer is extraordinarily diverse with <i>Packera obovata, Carex eburnea, Carex platyphylla, Polygala senega, Aquilegia canadensis, Aureolaria flava, Patis racemosa, Anemone virginiana, Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa, Symphyotrichum patens, Symphyotrichum undulatum, Triosteum aurantiacum, Thalictrum dioicum, Clematis occidentalis, Asclepias quadrifolia, Arabis canadensis, Geranium maculatum, Penstemon hirsutus, Trillium grandiflorum, Osmorhiza claytonii, Actaea pachypoda, Agastache nepetoides, Allium tricoccum, Arabis lyrata, Arisaema triphyllum, Asclepias exaltata, Collinsonia canadensis, Dichanthelium boscii, Carex laxiflora, Trichophorum planifolium</i>, and many others. Bedrock outcrops and boulders are common. Southern species tend to drop out at the northern extent of this type. |
Comm #3623
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Picea rubens - Acer rubrum / Ilex mucronata Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34845-{FE0F78E8-04AD-4DA3-9959-F548955FE3EB}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This red spruce - red maple swamp occurs in the glaciated Northeast. It occurs most commonly in basins or low flats with poor drainage, characterized by soils that are poorly drained organic muck or shallow peat over clay loam. The substrate is characterized by pronounced hummock-and-hollow microtopography with abundant slowly decomposing leaf/needle litter. The tree canopy is closed to partly open, and the tall-shrub layer is often well-developed. Dwarf-shrubs are sparse, but herbs typically form high cover. The ground layer features extensive <i>Sphagnum</i> and other bryophytes. The canopy is codominated by <i>Picea rubens</i> and <i>Acer rubrum</i>, in association with other trees such as <i>Betula alleghaniensis, Betula populifolia, Thuja occidentalis, Abies balsamea</i>, and, occasionally, <i>Tsuga canadensis</i>. The most abundant shrubs are <i>Vaccinium corymbosum, Ilex mucronata, Ilex verticillata, Spiraea alba</i>, and <i>Alnus incana</i>. The herbaceous layer is generally dominated by the ferns <i>Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda regalis, Onoclea sensibilis</i>, and <i>Thelypteris palustris</i>. Associated herbs include <i>Carex trisperma, Cornus canadensis, Doellingeria umbellata, Trientalis borealis, Oclemena acuminata, Carex intumescens</i>, and others. The bryophyte layer is dominated by <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. including <i>Sphagnum girgensohnii</i> and <i>Sphagnum magellanicum</i>. This association is differentiated from <i>~Picea rubens - Abies balsamea / Gaultheria hispidula / Osmunda cinnamomea / Sphagnum</i> spp. Swamp Forest (CEGL006312)$$ of the Northern Appalachian and adjacent ecoregions by its mixed canopy, lack of <i>Abies balsamea</i> and presence of <i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> and <i>Ilex verticillata</i>. This association is differentiated from <i>~Picea rubens - Acer rubrum / Ilex verticillata</i> Swamp Forest (CEGL006556)$$ of the Central Appalachians by the presence of <i>Thuja occidentalis</i> and <i>Cornus canadensis</i>. Although <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i> may be present in some occurrences of the southern range limit, this species is not characteristic of this type. This association is differentiated from those of ~<i>Thuja occidentalis - Acer rubrum - Larix laricina</i> Swamp Forest Alliance (A3720)$$ by its restriction to acidic wetlands and the lower importance of <i>Thuja occidentalis</i>. It can be compositionally similar to ~<i>Acer rubrum / Ilex mucronata - Vaccinium corymbosum</i> Swamp Forest (CEGL006220)$$, except in the reduced amount of red maple and the increased amount of conifers in the present type. |
Comm #3624
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Kalmia angustifolia - Chamaedaphne calyculata - (Picea mariana) / Cladonia spp. Acidic Peatland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34872-{30DAE85B-536C-4244-87B0-110AB52BFF9C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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These are the true ombrotrophic dwarf-shrub bogs of northern New England and Canada, occurring on the raised and relatively well-drained portions of raised peatlands. Peat accumulation has caused plant growth to be raised above the water table, and virtually all nutrients come from precipitation and deposition. The peat is typically saturated with water throughout the growing season, although standing water is often not apparent. Conditions are highly acidic, pH usually between 3.8-4.8. The classic vegetation pattern is drier hummocks and wet hollows across the peatland surface. Dwarf-shrubs dominate the vegetation, with overall heights usually 0.3-0.6 m. Trees are sparse and stunted; tall shrubs, if present, are usually confined to pockets near the peatland's upland border. Herb cover is low, usually <25%. The bryoid layer is very well-developed and forms the substrate for the vascular plants. <i>Kalmia angustifolia</i> is a constant and usually dominant shrub; <i>Gaylussacia baccata</i> may be important in some peatlands. Other important dwarf-shrubs include <i>Ledum groenlandicum, Rhododendron canadense</i>, and <i>Chamaedaphne calyculata</i>. <i>Kalmia polifolia, Vaccinium angustifolium</i>, and <i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i> are often present but less abundant. Scattered stunted trees of <i>Picea mariana</i> (or, less commonly, <i>Larix laricina</i> or <i>Pinus strobus</i>) may be present, and there are often circular islands of shrub-form <i>Picea mariana</i> that has reproduced by layering. Frequent herbs include <i>Sarracenia purpurea, Drosera rotundifolia, Carex trisperma</i>, and <i>Eriophorum vaginatum var. spissum</i>. <i>Calopogon tuberosus</i> is a typical orchid. <i>Sphagnum fuscum</i> is the diagnostic and usually dominant moss; others include <i>Sphagnum magellanicum</i> and <i>Sphagnum capillifolium</i>. <i>Polytrichum strictum</i> is common on the hummocks. In the drier portions of the raised heath, fruticose lichens may be important, including <i>Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia arbuscula ssp. mitis, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia cristatella, Cladonia verticillata, Cladonia uncialis</i>, and others. This association is distinguished from other dwarf-shrub bog associations by the raised bog setting, greater importance of <i>Kalmia angustifolia</i> compared to <i>Chamaedaphne</i>, and usual absence of maritime indicators such as <i>Rubus chamaemorus</i> and <i>Gaylussacia dumosa</i>. |
Comm #3625
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Nyssa ogeche - Nyssa aquatica Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35638-{BF137DAC-BD86-4014-88BB-68B375C29E29}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This association occurs along large alluvial (brownwater) rivers in the South Atlantic and East Gulf coastal plains. <i>Nyssa ogeche</i> normally is the strong dominant species, though there is typically an admixture of <i>Nyssa aquatica</i>. Other typical species include <i>Acer rubrum, Cephalanthus occidentalis</i>, and <i>Tillandsia usneoides</i>. |
Comm #3626
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Quercus alba - Carya tomentosa / Euonymus americanus / Hexastylis arifolia Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34874-{3BB9C92D-1798-42D0-AE6B-67CED8E1D3E3}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This type represents mesic, subacidic oak-hickory forests of the southern Piedmont and possibly adjacent ecoregions. Stands of this association typically exhibit heavy dominance by <i>Quercus alba</i> and <i>Carya tomentosa</i>. The canopy or subcanopy may also contain <i>Fagus grandifolia, Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya ovalis, Prunus serotina, Acer rubrum, Quercus nigra, Quercus falcata, Quercus velutina, Oxydendrum arboreum, Fraxinus</i> spp., <i>Halesia</i> sp., <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i>, and <i>Cornus florida</i>. Some stands may contain a minor component of <i>Pinus echinata</i>. Shrubs include <i>Euonymus americanus, Rhododendron canescens, Calycanthus floridus, Aesculus pavia, Hydrangea quercifolia, Vaccinium elliottii, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium stamineum, Asimina parviflora</i>, and <i>Asimina parviflora</i>. Vines such as <i>Toxicodendron radicans, Smilax rotundifolia, Smilax glauca, Parthenocissus quinquefolia</i>, and <i>Vitis rotundifolia</i> are abundant. Some typical herbs are <i>Hexastylis arifolia, Mitchella repens, Polystichum acrostichoides, Dioscorea villosa, Elephantopus tomentosus, Maianthemum racemosum, Coreopsis major, Desmodium nudiflorum</i>, and <i>Hypoxis hirsuta</i>. |
Comm #3627
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Bolboschoenus robustus - Juncus gerardii - Hordeum jubatum - Atriplex patula Saline Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34881-{883CB7D4-6652-40B4-84A8-030A8E591282}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This inland salt flat is known only from Virginia. It occurs where the groundwater saturates salt deposits, supporting a dense graminoid wetland dominated by <i>Juncus gerardii</i> and <i>Bolboschoenus robustus</i>. Other halophytic species include <i>Eleocharis parvula, Salicornia depressa</i>, and <i>Atriplex patula</i>. Other wetland associates include <i>Typha latifolia, Oenothera biennis, Hibiscus moscheutos</i>, as well as scattered <i>Hordeum jubatum</i> and <i>Schoenoplectus acutus</i>. Although similar to inland saline marshes of Michigan and New York, this type can be differentiated by a denser plant cover in comparison to the sparse mudflats of more northern saline marshes. In addition, the related vegetation is characterized by different species of <i>Juncus</i> and <i>Schoenoplectus</i> or <i>Bolboschoenus</i>. |
Comm #3628
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Pinus strobus - Pinus resinosa / Cornus canadensis Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34900-{486DDE90-45FE-4D01-9A23-4EF2B7019202}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This dry pine forest is scattered across northern New England, New York, and adjacent Canada on very well-drained, coarse-textured, acidic soils. Substrates include sand and gravel deposits on flats, such as outwash sands, delta sands, eskers, kames, kame terraces, and dry lake sands. They also occur on upper hillslopes and low ridges, with shallow-to-bedrock soils. The canopy closure is usually 70-90%; shrubs are sparse, and the herb and bryoid layers are patchy, with overall cover generally well under 20% and often virtually absent. Needle accumulation and dry conditions are factors in the limited understory growth. The canopy is dominated by <i>Pinus strobus</i> and <i>Pinus resinosa</i>, with scattered minor associates including <i>Quercus rubra, Betula alleghaniensis, Abies balsamea, Picea rubens, Thuja occidentalis</i> (near the coast), and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. Shrubs include <i>Kalmia angustifolia, Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides, Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Gaylussacia baccata, Amelanchier canadensis</i>, and <i>Acer pensylvanicum</i>. Characteristic herbs include <i>Pteridium aquilinum, Oryzopsis asperifolia, Mitchella repens, Maianthemum canadense, Gaultheria procumbens, Cornus canadensis, Trientalis borealis</i>, and <i>Clintonia borealis</i>. Where mosses occur, typical species include <i>Dicranum polysetum, Dicranum undulatum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Pleurozium schreberi</i>, and <i>Brachythecium</i> spp. This community probably requires periodic fires for maintenance. |
Comm #3629
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Caltha palustris - Impatiens capensis - Viola cucullata Seepage Meadow
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34905-{0547492C-4A8D-47AC-90CB-CEF7440F35E6}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This community is a saturated, herbaceous, small-patch wetland occurring on relatively steep, usually gravelly or bouldery slopes at sites of groundwater discharge. The type is probably scattered in the northern Blue Ridge and parts of the Ridge and Valley province, in areas underlain by base-rich metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary rocks. Occurrences are more common at, but not restricted to, elevations above 760 m (2500 feet) elevation. Habitats are typically narrow and partially or wholly shaded by tree species rooted in adjacent upland forests. A few occurrences encompass larger spring seeps that may have resulted from the clearing of forested seepage swamps. Vegetation is similar to the herbaceous component of forested seepage swamps but is usually more forb-rich. Characteristic species include <i>Caltha palustris, Impatiens capensis, Viola cucullata, Chelone glabra, Pilea pumila, Chrysosplenium americanum, Lycopus virginicus, Lycopus uniflorus, Packera aurea, Veratrum viride, Laportea canadensis</i>, and <i>Carex gynandra</i>. |
Comm #3630
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Distichlis spicata - (Sporobolus virginicus) Salt Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35883-{A7EE4A36-26D5-4D6A-AB03-0885EFC971CA}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This association occurs in upper tidal areas and is dominated by <i>Distichlis spicata</i>, often mixed with other halophytic grasses and succulents such as <i>Sporobolus virginicus, Sarcocornia pacifica, Batis maritima, Lycium carolinianum, Heliotropium curassavicum</i>, and others. |
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