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Description |
Comm #3641
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Platanus occidentalis - Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Quercus imbricaria Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35589-{7B2646AE-02BF-4BB2-8720-5FF8CBD4F5F5}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This association was described from Cades Cove, a limestone window at 518 m (1700 feet) elevation in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The description may need substantial revision with additional information. Similar vegetation could be found in Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, or Missouri. This community occurs on broad flats along streams, within a landscape of pastures and fields. It is impacted by cattle grazing. The forest has a closed canopy dominated by <i>Platanus occidentalis, Acer negundo var. negundo, Acer rubrum var. trilobum, Liriodendron tulipifera</i>, and <i>Quercus imbricaria</i>. In some areas the canopy is dominated by <i>Quercus imbricaria</i> and <i>Prunus serotina</i>, and in other areas it may be dominated by <i>Juglans nigra</i> or <i>Juglans cinerea</i>. The subcanopy stratum is sparse and primarily composed of canopy species. The shrub stratum is sparse. The herb layer includes <i>Boehmeria cylindrica, Impatiens pallida, Verbesina alternifolia, Phacelia purshii, Packera aurea, Carex intumescens, Iris</i> spp., and <i>Carex</i> spp. This alluvial forest can contain seasonally wet inclusions dominated by <i>Juncus effusus, Panicum</i> sp., and <i>Festuca</i> sp. |
Comm #3642
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Quercus laurifolia / Carpinus caroliniana / Justicia ovata Riparian Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35596-{392DA99D-DB25-43A9-9FDF-57C50256FE34}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This bottomland forest often borders blackwater streams in the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains. It is dominated by <i>Quercus laurifolia</i>, but <i>Nyssa biflora</i> is common as well. Other species that occur sparingly include <i>Taxodium distichum, Quercus nigra, Nyssa aquatica, Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. <i>Fraxinus caroliniana</i> and <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i> are characteristic of the subcanopy. Dominance of the shrub layer may vary from stand to stand. Occasionally, <i>Arundinaria gigantea</i> or <i>Sabal minor</i> will form a conspicuous understory cover. <i>Itea virginica</i> may also dominate. The ground surface is covered by a combination of decaying leaves and exposed mud. The sparse herbaceous layer often contains only <i>Justicia ovata, Saururus cernuus</i>, and <i>Proserpinaca palustris</i>, but other species are possible, including <i>Asclepias perennis</i> and <i>Campsis radicans</i>. |
Comm #3643
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Quercus pagoda - Quercus nigra / Halesia diptera / Chasmanthium sessiliflorum - Dicliptera brachiata Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35601-{66ABB4B7-0C24-4249-A3C6-C0A301D773DB}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This forest occurs on terraces, and possibly second bottoms, of creeks and small brownwater rivers of the coastal plains of the southeastern United States (South Atlantic, East Gulf, and Upper East Gulf). Flooding is annual, but the water table usually is well below the soil surface throughout most of the growing season. The canopy of this creek and small river bottomland forest is dominated by some combination of <i>Quercus pagoda, Quercus nigra, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus michauxii, Pinus taeda</i>, and <i>Quercus laurifolia</i>. Other canopy species include <i>Ulmus alata, Ulmus americana, Quercus lyrata, Fraxinus americana, Celtis laevigata, Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, and others. Examples from Oaky Woods Wildlife Management Area in Houston County, Georgia, can include <i>Quercus sinuata</i>. The subcanopy is well-developed and contains species such as <i>Carpinus caroliniana, Halesia diptera, Cornus florida, Acer rubrum, Ilex opaca var. opaca, Carya laciniosa, Morus rubra, Acer rubrum var. trilobum, Cercis canadensis</i>, and <i>Acer floridanum</i>. The diverse and variable shrub layer may contain <i>Symplocos tinctoria, Euonymus americanus, Ilex decidua, Aralia spinosa, Alnus serrulata, Halesia diptera, Hamamelis virginiana, Crataegus marshallii, Lindera benzoin, Nyssa sylvatica, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Asimina triloba, Forestiera ligustrina, Diospyros virginiana</i>, and <i>Rubus argutus</i>. In addition, <i>Sabal minor</i> and/or <i>Rhapidophyllum hystrix</i> may be in some stands and can be the dominant shrub. Woody vines may include <i>Toxicodendron radicans, Bignonia capreolata, Berchemia scandens, Campsis radicans, Gelsemium sempervirens, Vitis rotundifolia, Smilax bona-nox, Smilax rotundifolia</i>, and <i>Cocculus carolinus</i>. The sparse to moderately well-developed herbaceous stratum contains species such as <i>Apios americana, Arundinaria gigantea, Boehmeria cylindrica, Botrychium dissectum, Commelina virginica, Carex</i> spp., <i>Chasmanthium latifolium, Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, Dichanthelium</i> sp., <i>Dicliptera brachiata, Elephantopus carolinianus, Polygonum virginianum, Passiflora lutea</i>, and <i>Mitchella repens</i>. |
Comm #3644
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Salix caroliniana Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35619-{7FD5FEAB-9ECF-41DB-B6A9-17CA423AF873}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This vegetation occurs primarily on riverfronts and lakeshores, potentially occurring across broad areas of the southeastern United States. <i>Salix caroliniana</i> is the dominant small tree and can form a dense to open or very open canopy. This community tends to occupy small areas, usually relatively linear or crescent-shaped patches associated with streamfronts, sand bars, etc., but sometimes it occupies larger areas. This vegetation results from flooding disturbance and is generally short-lived. |
Comm #3645
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(Quercus laurifolia) / Crataegus opaca - Crataegus viridis Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35632-{C4B5C67A-8912-4FB8-AF77-EF179DF26D1C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This Gulf Coastal Plain community comprises <i>Crataegus</i>-dominated depression forests (5-10 m tall), which often have a scattered emergent canopy of <i>Quercus laurifolia</i>, and to a lesser extent <i>Quercus phellos</i>. This type occurs in upland depressions or poorly drained flatwoods environments in the West Gulf Coastal Plain of eastern Texas and Louisiana, ranging apparently to Mississippi and possibly Alabama. These sites take on the appearance of shrublands since the canopy tends to be much shorter statured than the surrounding areas. <i>Crataegus viridis</i> and <i>Crataegus opaca</i> are characteristic in stands of this type. Most of the individual stems are small diameter with relatively swollen bases, although occasional large-diameter oaks (often <i>Quercus phellos</i>) are present. Herb species are generally sparse and the type is generally low in species diversity. These communities are sometimes known colloquially as 'mayhaw slashes' in Louisiana. |
Comm #3646
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Nyssa ogeche - (Nyssa biflora, Taxodium ascendens) Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35637-{2777F33C-91C3-4E89-A19B-A87194143D95}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This association occurs along blackwater streams in the South Atlantic and East Gulf coastal plains. <i>Nyssa ogeche</i> is dominant, often admixed with <i>Nyssa biflora</i> and/or <i>Taxodium ascendens</i>. <i>Acer rubrum var. trilobum</i> is often also present, and <i>Quercus laurifolia</i> and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> may also occur. <i>Cyrilla racemiflora</i> may occur as a subcanopy tree. |
Comm #3647
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Acer saccharinum / Leersia lenticularis - Commelina virginica Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35915-{80264A9D-9AD1-4A5C-B3FC-3B8B5BB28ABA}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This forest occurs in South Carolina on relatively recently deposited sands between levees and associated rivers. The fairly open to mostly closed canopy and the subcanopy of this community are dominated by <i>Acer saccharinum</i>. Other species that are sparingly present in these strata are <i>Acer negundo, Celtis laevigata</i>, and <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>. The sparse shrub layer contains <i>Asimina triloba, Ilex decidua, Lindera benzoin</i>, and canopy species. The sparse herbaceous layer has a variety of herbaceous species that may be present; these species include <i>Leersia lenticularis, Acalypha rhomboidea, Packera glabella, Boehmeria cylindrica, Pilea pumila, Carex grayi, Impatiens capensis, Polygonum virginianum</i>, and others. |
Comm #3648
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Fraxinus pennsylvanica / Leersia lenticularis - Carex lupulina Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35916-{45761A2D-FA42-4D52-A915-3C978FD6915A}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This forest occurs on somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained silty clay loam soils in temporarily flooded sloughs in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The mostly closed to closed canopy of this community is dominated by <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>. Other typical canopy species include <i>Ulmus americana, Acer negundo</i>, and <i>Carya aquatica</i>. The well-developed subcanopy may contain the same species as the canopy; additional species in this stratum include <i>Planera aquatica, Celtis laevigata, Ilex decidua, Ulmus alata, Crataegus phaenopyrum</i>, and <i>Diospyros virginiana</i>. The single occurrence on which this description is based had no shrub cover. The herbaceous layer is typically of moderate density and dominated by <i>Leersia lenticularis, Boehmeria cylindrica</i>, and <i>Carex lupulina</i> with <i>Saururus cernuus</i> and <i>Polygonum setaceum</i>. The vine coverage is moderate, and species present include <i>Smilax tamnoides, Vitis rotundifolia, Campsis radicans, Toxicodendron radicans, Menispermum canadense</i>, and <i>Nekemias arborea</i>. This forest currently is known only from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of South Carolina. |
Comm #3649
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Betula nigra / Salix nigra / Hypericum prolificum - Nekemias arborea Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35981-{DB7B96DB-C73B-4D19-8CD1-EB68ED4DFC24}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This temporarily flooded riverfront association is found along temporarily flooded natural levees and floodplains of brownwater rivers in the East Gulf Coastal Plain, where <i>Betula nigra</i>-dominated vegetation occurs south of the range of <i>Platanus occidentalis</i>. The canopy is dominated by <i>Betula nigra</i>, with <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> and an occasional <i>Pinus taeda</i>. <i>Quercus laurifolia</i> may also occur in some examples. The subcanopy may contain <i>Salix nigra, Salix caroliniana, Acer rubrum, Carpinus caroliniana, Planera aquatica</i>, and <i>Cornus foemina</i>. <i>Hypericum prolificum</i> is a prominent shrub in some examples. Vines, such as <i>Smilax bona-nox, Campsis radicans</i> and <i>Nekemias arborea</i>, are common. Herbs (Alabama) include <i>Penthorum sedoides, Sagittaria</i> sp., <i>Polygonum</i> sp., <i>Mimulus</i> sp., <i>Leersia hexandra</i>?, and <i>Boehmeria cylindrica</i>. Other herbs (Florida) include <i>Panicum rigidulum, Solidago leavenworthii, Symphyotrichum</i> sp., <i>Dichanthelium commutatum, Saccharum baldwinii, Paspalum laeve, Amsonia rigida, Carex</i> sp., and <i>Justicia ovata</i>. |
Comm #3650
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Pinus echinata - Pinus taeda - Quercus stellata / Juniperus virginiana / Cornus drummondii Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35985-{86917A54-E514-4E70-B6BA-96D852E25FFB}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
2
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This calcareous woodland of the West Gulf Coastal Plain was first described from hilltops and upper slopes in Louisiana associated with the Cook Mountain Formation, in areas in or near areas mapped as Keiffer Clay. The concept has been expanded slightly to accommodate similar situations, associated with calcareous prairies, on the Fleming Formation in eastern Texas. The canopy is dominated by <i>Pinus echinata, Pinus taeda, Quercus stellata, Fraxinus americana, Carya myristiciformis, Ulmus alata, Quercus alba, Quercus shumardii</i>, and (because of fire suppression) <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>. Subcanopy species include <i>Cornus florida, Crataegus marshallii, Quercus marilandica, Ostrya virginiana, Chionanthus virginicus, Cercis canadensis var. canadensis, Viburnum rufidulum, Frangula caroliniana</i>, and <i>Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana</i>. Shrubs and woody vines include <i>Cornus drummondii, Vaccinium arboreum, Viburnum dentatum, Aesculus pavia var. pavia, Sideroxylon lanuginosum, Toxicodendron radicans, Berchemia scandens, Vitis rotundifolia, Smilax bona-nox, Smilax rotundifolia, Trachelospermum difforme</i>, and <i>Cocculus carolinus</i>. Herbs include <i>Chasmanthium sessiliflorum</i> (dominant), <i>Scleria oligantha, Oxalis violacea, Mitchella repens, Euphorbia corollata, Aristolochia serpentaria, Sanicula canadensis, Ruellia humilis, Dichanthelium commutatum, Tragia betonicifolia</i>, and <i>Baptisia nuttalliana</i>. This community is a drier woodland associated with and grading to ~<i>Quercus shumardii - Fraxinus americana - Carya myristiciformis / Viburnum dentatum / Carex cherokeensis</i> Forest (CEGL007194)$$. |
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