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Name
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Reference
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Plots↓
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Description |
Comm #361
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Ephedra viridis Shrubland Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30676.EPHEDRAVIRIDISS
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NVC 2004 |
50
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Comm #362
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Quercus stellata - Quercus marilandica - Carya (carolinae-septentrionalis, glabra) / Schizachyrium scoparium Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32581-{031C5667-5B8C-4C52-A382-A9F9D7537CC1}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
50
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This community occurs most commonly on mafic igneous rocks found in the Triassic basins in the Piedmont of the southeastern United States. Examples may be found on flat uplands where diabase (and related rocks such as gabbro) form dikes or sills close to the surface and subsequent soil development has been affected. Typically, these areas develop dense subsurface "hardpans" and shrink-swell properties that limit plant rooting depth. Thus, vegetation often has a somewhat stunted and open canopy dominated by <i>Quercus stellata</i> and <i>Quercus marilandica</i>. Other typical canopy species include <i>Carya carolinae-septentrionalis, Carya glabra, Fraxinus americana, Quercus alba, Quercus phellos, Pinus virginiana, Pinus echinata</i>, and others. Typical understory species include <i>Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana, Cercis canadensis var. canadensis, Diospyros virginiana, Vaccinium arboreum, Ulmus alata</i>, and <i>Chionanthus virginicus</i>. Shrubs may be sparse or dense, with <i>Viburnum rafinesqueanum, Viburnum prunifolium, Viburnum rufidulum</i>, and <i>Vaccinium stamineum</i> typical. The most common herbs are <i>Danthonia spicata</i> and <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i>. Other herbs may include <i>Piptochaetium avenaceum, Clematis ochroleuca, Sericocarpus linifolius, Hieracium venosum, Hieracium gronovii, Hypericum hypericoides, Symphyotrichum dumosum, Oenothera fruticosa, Lespedeza</i> spp., and <i>Solidago</i> spp. <i>Cladonia</i> spp. are typically present and sometimes common and conspicuous. The woodland structure is maintained by extreme edaphic conditions or by fire. |
Comm #363
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Spartina patens - Schoenoplectus pungens - Solidago sempervirens Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32943-{AA43B1CE-9ADB-40ED-9115-9E9B97315B90}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
50
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This community is an upland dune grassland or overwash area of Atlantic barrier islands on embryo dunes or back sides of beaches forming from wave-deposited sand during spring tides or storms. This vegetation sometimes arises when overwash sand is deposited on interdunal swales, resulting in the occasional presence of wetland indicators. This association ranges from Massachusetts to North Carolina.. Sand movement, plant burial, and dune formation rates are not so high as to form <i>Ammophila breviligulata</i>-dominated primary dunes, but can be found as a fringe around the outer edge of those dunes. <i>Spartina patens</i> is dominant, ranging from quite sparse (25% cover) to dense, and can be monotypic in early-successional expressions. Where it forms over buried interdunal swales, remnant individuals of <i>Schoenoplectus pungens</i> may be present. <i>Solidago sempervirens</i> is a common associate. Less common associates can include <i>Cyperus grayi, Cenchrus tribuloides, Setaria parviflora, Festuca rubra, Schizachyrium littorale, Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium</i>, and occasional scattered individuals of <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i> and seedlings of <i>Baccharis halimifolia</i>. Bare sand is often visible through the vegetation, and there is no soil profile development. <i>Ammophila breviligulata</i> and, at the southern end of the range, <i>Uniola paniculata, Panicum amarum var. amarum</i>, or <i>Panicum amarum var. amarulum</i> may invade from the surrounding dunes. On the Virginia Eastern Shore, a somewhat xerophytic variant of this community occurs on low, narrow, relatively stable backdune ridges between interdune swales, dominated by <i>Spartina patens</i> but supporting a number of drought-tolerant associates such as <i>Triplasis purpurea, Oenothera humifusa, Opuntia humifusa, Physalis walteri, Cirsium horridulum var. horridulum</i>, and <i>Eragrostis spectabilis</i>. |
Comm #364
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Quercus muehlenbergii - Cercis canadensis / Packera obovata - Lithospermum canescens Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34878-{CFEB82B7-FB23-4FB0-9F71-1A726EABF32E}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
50
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This open calcareous glade occurs in the Central Appalachians in the Ridge and Valley of northeastern West Virginia, western Virginia, and in central southeastern Pennsylvania. The vegetation occurs on moderate slopes at elevations ranging from 400-730 m (1300-2400 feet). Slopes are typically south- or southwest-facing and about 20-30° but may be much steeper. Soils are shallow, dry, stony, calcareous loams derived from limestone or dolomite bedrock. Trees are generally widely spaced and relatively short (3-10 m). <i>Quercus muehlenbergii</i> is the dominant tree, with associates including <i>Cercis canadensis, Juniperus virginiana, Celtis tenuifolia, Fraxinus americana</i>, and <i>Ostrya virginiana</i> usually present. Shrubs are often of sparse cover but may include <i>Rhus aromatica</i> and <i>Rosa tenuifolia</i>?. <i>Cornus florida</i> may be a common woody associate in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. The herbaceous layer is patchy but may be quite diverse. Graminoids include <i>Bouteloua curtipendula, Carex eburnea, Elymus hystrix, Carex pensylvanica, Poa compressa, Danthonia spicata</i>. Associated forbs include <i>Anemone virginiana, Symphyotrichum undulatum, Symphyotrichum oblongifolium, Asclepias verticillata, Houstonia longifolia, Penstemon hirsutus, Viola</i> spp., <i>Antennaria plantaginifolia, Phlox subulata, Lithospermum canescens, Cynoglossum officinale, Allium cernuum, Solidago ulmifolia, Solidago arguta var. harrisii, Packera obovata, Blephilia ciliata, Galium pilosum, Arabis lyrata, Heuchera americana, Draba ramosissima, Pycnanthemum incanum, Aquilegia canadensis, Helianthus divaricatus, Scutellaria ovata, Silene caroliniana ssp. pensylvanica, Sisyrinchium mucronatum, Minuartia michauxii, Euphorbia corollata, Paronychia montana</i>, and <i>Paronychia virginica</i>. |
Comm #365
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Picea rubens / Betula alleghaniensis / Bazzania trilobata Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36562-{D92F9894-39BC-4984-97C5-6C9F12E283EA}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
50
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This association occurs on both gentle slopes bordering high-elevation valley floors and on more exposed ridge crests and rocky summits in the high Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia and Virginia. Sites range from mesic to submesic and are characterized by cold winter microclimates, frequent fog, and high annual precipitation. Stands are dominated by <i>Picea rubens</i>, which is characteristic, with lower cover of <i>Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis</i> and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. Other trees that occasionally occur with low cover in the canopy include <i>Tsuga canadensis, Betula lenta, Pinus strobus</i>, and <i>Prunus serotina</i>. The subcanopy is very similar in dominance and composition to the canopy, with the occasional addition of <i>Sorbus americana, Acer pensylvanicum, Amelanchier</i> spp., or <i>Magnolia fraseri</i>. In well-developed stands, young <i>Picea rubens</i> and <i>Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis</i> are plentiful in understory layers, especially in canopy gaps. Shrub layers are normally somewhat sparse, with low cover by <i>Ilex montana, Kalmia latifolia, Rhododendron maximum</i>, or <i>Vaccinium erythrocarpum</i>. Herb layer composition varies with soil moisture and light regimes but is generally sparse. <i>Dryopteris intermedia, Oxalis montana, Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Maianthemum canadense</i>, and <i>Carex debilis var. rudgei</i> are frequent herbs. The nonvascular stratum is strongly dominated by <i>Bazzania trilobata</i>. |
Comm #366
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Snakeweed Dwarf-shrubland Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30269.SNAKEWEEDDWARFS
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NVC 2004 |
49
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Comm #367
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SUBALPINE FIR FOREST ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.cc.30296.SUBALPINEFIRFOR
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NVC 2004 |
49
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Comm #368
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Simmondsia chinensis Shrubland Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30855.SIMMONDSIACHINE
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NVC 2004 |
49
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Comm #369
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Impatiens capensis - Peltandra virginica - Polygonum arifolium - Bolboschoenus fluviatilis - Typha angustifolia Tidal Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34971-{80159468-7BAA-45BB-947E-FC72125A7FE5}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
49
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This association occupies the higher elevation zone of freshwater to slightly oligohaline marshes along the Atlantic coast from Maine to Virginia. In the southern part of the range (northern Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware), this is the principal mixed freshwater tidal marsh community, forming extensive patches. The vegetation is typically mixed and dense, with highly variable species composition and patch dominance. <i>Impatiens capensis, Peltandra virginica, Polygonum</i> spp. (<i>Polygonum arifolium, Polygonum sagittatum, Polygonum punctatum, Polygonum hydropiperoides</i>), <i>Bolboschoenus fluviatilis</i>, and <i>Typha angustifolia</i> are characteristic and often abundant. Other species that may be abundant in a given stand include <i>Leersia oryzoides, Hibiscus moscheutos, Mikania scandens, Sagittaria latifolia, Amaranthus cannabinus, Zizania aquatica, Bidens laevis, Bidens coronata, Pontederia cordata, Typha latifolia, Onoclea sensibilis</i>, and <i>Carex comosa</i>. Additional associates include <i>Boehmeria cylindrica, Acorus calamus, Cicuta maculata var. maculata, Cuscuta gronovii var. gronovii, Apios americana, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Bolboschoenus novae-angliae, Echinochloa walteri, Lycopus americanus, Pilea fontana, Eleocharis palustris, Iris versicolor</i>, and <i>Sium suave</i>. In the northern portion of the range, <i>Carex stricta</i> is also common. On the Connecticut River, <i>Impatiens capensis</i> is less important, and a levee is often present in the high marsh supporting such species as <i>Carex lacustris, Ambrosia trifida</i>, and <i>Eupatorium perfoliatum</i>. |
Comm #370
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Pinus echinata - Quercus alba / Vaccinium pallidum / Hexastylis arifolia - Chimaphila maculata Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36493-{D324D95D-848F-4F5F-ABC1-4092ADDC8E14}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
49
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This association includes forests dominated by a mixture of <i>Pinus echinata</i> and mesophytic and dry-mesophytic oaks (e.g., <i>Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, Quercus velutina</i>) occurring in the Southern Ridge and Valley, Cumberland Plateau, low-elevation Southern Blue Ridge, and upper Piedmont of the southeastern United States. These forests occur on low to middle slope positions, on protected to intermediately exposed sites. The mixed evergreen - deciduous canopy is dominated by <i>Pinus echinata</i> and <i>Quercus alba</i>, sometimes with high coverage of other <i>Quercus</i> spp. (<i>Quercus velutina, Quercus coccinea, Quercus falcata, Quercus rubra</i>). Xerophytic <i>Quercus</i> spp. such as <i>Quercus montana, Quercus stellata</i>, as well as other species of pines, may be present but are typically not abundant. A well-developed subcanopy is typical, with species such as <i>Acer rubrum, Nyssa sylvatica, Carya glabra, Cornus florida</i>, and <i>Oxydendrum arboreum</i>. The shrub stratum is sparse to patchy with low shrubs (<i>Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium stamineum, Vaccinium arboreum, Chimaphila maculata</i>) and vines (<i>Vitis rotundifolia</i>). The herb stratum is patchy to absent. <i>Hexastylis arifolia</i> is a typical herb. Stands without fire management may experience invasion by <i>Acer rubrum</i>. <i>Piptochaetium avenaceum</i> may be an important grass in more open stands. |
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