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Comm #3891	NY Heritage: Sandstone pavement barrens » more details accession code: VB.CC.28699.NYHERITAGESANDS	Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed.	1	An open canopy woodland that occurs on very shallow soils (dysic lithic borofolist) over sandstone bedrock; this community is best developed where the bedrock is nearly level, thus forming a pavement. The best developed examples are found on Potsdam Sandstone in Clinton County. Large examples often include wetlands, such as perched bogs and inland poor fens. Fire is the most important ecological process for the maintenance of healthy sandstone pavement barren communities (Stergas and Adams 1989, Hawver 1993). Other disturbances that have influenced these barrens include blow downs, ice storms and subsequent restoration cutting. Physiognomic variants such as exposed bedrock, open heath shrubs, sparse woodland, and closed canopy forest reflect the disturbance history of a given site. In New York the dominant tree is jack pine (Pinus banksiana). Other associated pines include pitch pine (Pinus rigida), white pine (P. strobus), and red pine (P. resinosa). Other characteristic trees include red maple (Acer rubrum), paper birch (Betula papyrifera), and red oak (Quercus rubra). The shrublayer is dominated by black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata) and blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium). Other important shrubs are black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), sheep laurel (Kalmia angustifolia), and sweet-fern (Comptonia peregrina). The groundcover includes many lichens and mosses, which may form a continuous cover in some areas. Characteristic lichens include Cladina rangiferina, C. mitis, C. stellaris, and Cladonia uncialis. Characteristic mosses include Polytrichum juniperinum and Pleurozium schreberi. Herbs grow throughout this groundcover and include bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), cow-wheat (Melampyrum lineare), poverty-grass (Danthonia spicata), and common hairgrass (Deschampsia flexuosa). Breeding season bird species showing preference for jack pine barrens in New York include rufous-sided towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), chipping sparrow (Spizella passerina), white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), blue-headed vireo (Vireo solitarius), Nashville warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla), and common nighthawk (Chordeiles minor); (Gifford 1994). More information is needed on other characteristic animals. This community is only known from the northernmost counties of New York, north of the Adirondacks and from southern Quebec; its distribution outside of this range is unknown.
Comm #3892	Quercus garryana Shrubland Alliance » more details accession code: VB.CC.19537.QUERCUSGARRYANA	Western Ecology Working Group of...	1	Stands of this foothill and montane California shrubland alliance are found at higher elevations than most other chaparrals. Elevations range from 600-1800 m. Sites tend to be cooler and moister due to these higher elevations. Annual precipitation is quite seasonal, with the bulk falling between November and April. Yearly precipitation totals vary from 60 cm in the south to over 120 cm in the north. Summers are very warm and dry; winters are cool and moist. Stands are usually found on upper slopes; often these are steep. Soils are thin. This shrubland is dominated by Quercus garryana var. breweri. Emergent conifers, such as Abies concolor or Picea breweriana, may be present, as well as individuals of Quercus garryana var. garryana or Quercus kelloggii. Shrubs present may include Arctostaphylos patula, Arctostaphylos nevadensis, Quercus vacciniifolia, Ceanothus cordulatus, Ceanothus velutinus, and Ceanothus cuneatus. Festuca californica may be present in the herbaceous layer.
Comm #3893	CHAENACTIS STEVIOIDES HERBACEOUS ALLIANCE » more details accession code: VB.cc.30389.CHAENACTISSTEVI	NVC 2004	1
Comm #3894	PSEUDOROEGNERIA SPICATA SEMI-NATURAL HERBACEOUS ALLIANCE » more details accession code: VB.cc.30219.PSEUDOROEGNERIA	NVC 2004	1
Comm #3895	PRUNUS VIRGINIANA INTERMINENTLY FLOODED WOODLAND ALLIANCE » more details accession code: VB.cc.30216.PRUNUSVIRGINIAN	NVC 2004	1
Comm #3896	ARTEMISIA LUDOVICIANA SHRUBLAND ALLIANCE » more details accession code: VB.cc.29853.ARTEMISIALUDOVI	NVC 2004	1
Comm #3897	Alopecurus aequalis Herbaceous Vegetation » more details accession code: VB.CC.29356.ALOPECURUSAEQUA	Carsey et al 2003b	1	The Alopecurus aequalis (shortawn foxtail) association is an herbaceous association of lower to mid montane wet meadows and areas around beaver ponds. It may occur on filled in beaver ponds or other depressions. A perennial graminoid native to North America, Alopecurus aequalis under natural conditions is almost always found in wetlands (USFWS). Although indigenous to North America, it is sometimes characterized as weedy here, and is regarded as a pest species in other countries.
Comm #3898	Fraxinus anomala - Quercus gambelii Shrubland » more details accession code: VB.CC.29365.FRAXINUSANOMALA	Carsey et al 2003b	1	The Fraxinus anomala/Quercus gambelii (single-leaf ash/Gambel oak) plant association is a dense thicket of a low deciduous shrubs. It grows along small, desert ephemeral tributaries in narrow, deep sandstone canyons.
Comm #3899	NY Heritage: Shallow emergent marsh » more details accession code: VB.CC.28819.NYHERITAGESHALL	Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed.	1	A marsh meadow community that occurs on mineral soil or deep muck soils (rather than true peat), that are permanently saturated and seasonally flooded. This marsh is better drained than a deep emergent marsh; water depths may range from 6 in to 3.3 ft (15 cm to 1 m) during flood stages, but the water level usually drops by mid to late summer and the substrate is exposed during an average year. This is a very broadly defined type that includes several distinct variants and many intermediates. Shallow emergent marshes are very common and quite variable. They may be codominated by a mixture of species, or have a single dominant species. It is likely that an individual occurrence of shallow emergent marsh will not include all of the species listed below. Most abundant herbaceous plants include bluejoint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), cattails (Typha latifolia, T. angustifolia, T. x glauca), sedges (Carex spp.), marsh fern (Thelypteris palustris), manna grasses (Glyceria pallida, G. canadensis), spikerushes (Eleocharis smalliana, E. obtusa), bulrushes (Scirpus cyperinus, S. tabernaemontani, S. atrovirens), three- way sedge (Dulichium arundinaceum), sweetflag (Acorus americanus), tall meadow-rue (Thalictrum pubescens), marsh St. John's-wort (Triadenum virginicum), arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia), goldenrods (Solidago rugosa, S. gigantea), eupatoriums (Eupatorium maculatum, E. perfoliatum), smartweeds (Polygonum coccineum, P. amphibium, P. hydropiperoides), marsh bedstraw (Galium palustre), jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), loosestrifes (Lysimachia thyrsiflora, L. terrestris, L. ciliata). Frequently in degraded examples reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and/or purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) may become abundant. Sedges (Carex spp.) may be abundant in shallow emergent marshes, but are not usually dominant. Marshes must have less than 50% cover of peat and tussock-forming sedges such as tussock sedges (Carex stricta), otherwise it may be classified as a sedge meadow. Characteristic shallow emergent marsh sedges include Carex stricta, C. lacustris, C. lurida, C. hystricina, C. alata, C. vulpinoidea, C. comosa, C. rostrata var. utriculata, C. scoparia, C. gynandra, C. stipata, and C. crinita. Other plants characteristic of shallow emergent marshes (most frequent listed first) include blue flag iris (Iris versicolor), sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis), common skullcap (Scutellaria galericulata), begger-ticks (Bidens spp.), water-horehounds (Lycopus uniflorus, L. americanus), bur-reeds (Sparganium americanum, S. eurycarpum), swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata), water-hemlock (Cicuta bulbifera), asters (Aster umbellatus, A. puniceus), marsh bellflower (Campanula aparinoides), water purslane (Ludwigia palustris), royal and cinnamon ferns (Osmunda regalis, O. cinnamomea), marsh cinquefoil (Potentilla palustris), rushes (Juncus effusus, J. canadensis), arrowleaf (Peltandra virginica), purple-stem angelica (Angelica atropurpurea), water docks (Rumex orbiculatus, R. verticillatus), turtlehead (Chelone glabra), water-parsnip (Sium suave), and cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis). Shallow emergent marshes may have scattered shrubs including speckled alder (Alnus incana ssp. rugosa), water willow (Decodon verticillatus), shrubby dogwoods (Cornus amomum, C. sericea), willows (Salix spp.), meadow sweet (Spiraea alba var. latifolia), and buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis). Areas with greater than 50% shrub cover are classified as shrub swamps. Amphibians that may be found in shallow emergent marshes include frogs such as eastern American toad (Bufo americanus), northern spring peeper (Pseudoacris crucifer), green frog (Rana clamitans melanota), and wood frog (Rana sylvatica); and salamanders such as northern redback salamander (Plethodon cinereus) (Hunsinger 1999). Birds that may be found include red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), marsh wren (Cistothorus palustris), and common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) (Levine 1998). Shallow emergent marshes typically occur in lake basins and along streams often intergrading with deep emergent marshes, shrub swamps and sedge meadows, and they may occur together in a complex mosaic in a large wetland.
Comm #3900	NY Heritage: Pine plantation » more details accession code: VB.CC.28775.NYHERITAGEPINEP	Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed.	1	A stand of pines planted for the cultivation and harvest of timber products, or to provide wildlife habitat, soil erosion control, windbreaks, or landscaping. These plantations may be monocultures with more than 90% of the canopy cover consisting of one species, or they may be mixed stands with two or more codominant species (in which case more than 50% of the cover consists of one or more species of pine). Pines that are typically planted in New York include white pine (Pinus strobus), red pine (P. resinosa), Scotch pine (P. sylvestris), pitch pine (P. rigida), and jack pine (P. banksiana). Groundlayer vegetation is usually sparse, apparently because of the dense accumulation of leaf litter. Speedwell (Veronica officinalis) is a characteristic groundlayer plant. More data on this community are needed.