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Reference
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Description |
Comm #421
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Nyssa biflora - Quercus nigra - Quercus laurifolia - Pinus taeda / Carpinus caroliniana Riparian Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35597-{50F2CA3A-E1B9-4F78-9A69-85A992B9AD9B}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
45
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These forests occur in small stream floodplains in the Coastal Plain and lower Piedmont of the southeastern United States, from North Carolina south to Florida, with vegetation of mixed hydrological tolerances, due to fluvial landforms too small and hydrologic regime too variable to differentiate separate associated communities. The canopy of stands always includes substantial <i>Nyssa biflora</i> or <i>Taxodium distichum</i> along with substantial bottomland oaks (e.g., <i>Quercus nigra, Quercus laurifolia</i>) and other bottomland hardwoods, along with <i>Pinus taeda</i>. Typical subcanopy components include <i>Ilex opaca</i> and <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i>. The shrub stratum typically includes <i>Leucothoe axillaris</i> and <i>Cyrilla racemiflora</i>. |
Comm #422
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Phalaris arundinacea Eastern Ruderal Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34694-{3A0ECB77-7C40-405F-A1A8-06380244651A}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
45
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This association is found throughout the northeastern United States and Canada, but its distribution as a natural type is complicated elsewhere. <i>Phalaris arundinacea</i> is native to the United States and Canada but is now more widely distributed and abundant because of local introductions from both local and European populations. The introduced strains may be more aggressive ecotypes than native strains. Stands are found in both minerotrophic basin wetlands as well as rivershores. <i>Phalaris arundinacea</i> has been widely used as a forage and hay crop, especially in marshes and floodplains, and it is used for wildlife food and for shoreline and ditch stabilization. Stands are dominated by <i>Phalaris arundinacea</i>, a 0.5- to 2-m tall perennial grass, which tends to occur in monocultures or associated with <i>Calamagrostis canadensis</i>. Associates in the glaciated Northeast include <i>Viburnum nudum, Alnus incana</i> or <i>Alnus serrulata, Viburnum dentatum</i>, and <i>Agrostis gigantea</i>. In Central Appalachian bottomland old fields, characteristic associates include <i>Verbesina alternifolia</i> (which may be codominant), <i>Solidago rugosa, Boehmeria cylindrica</i>, and <i>Euthamia graminifolia</i>, along with exotic species such as <i>Glechoma hederacea, Securigera varia, Rosa multiflora</i>, and <i>Elaeagnus umbellata</i>. Midwest associates include species characteristic of wet meadows. <i>Phalaris arundinacea</i> can displace native species over time. Further work is required to resolve the natural versus introduced nature of this type in the Southeast before a description can be completed. |
Comm #423
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Fagus grandifolia - Liriodendron tulipifera - Carya cordiformis / Lindera benzoin / Podophyllum peltatum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34705-{7CC1BB60-A4A3-4C6D-AA90-1376809DCED4}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
45
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This association comprises luxuriant mesophytic forests of sheltered ravines and slopes with base-rich soils in the northern portions of the Coastal Plain and adjacent Piedmont. In the Piedmont, these soils are typically derived from amphibolite and other mafic rocks, or metasedimentary rocks with basic intrusions. Coastal Plain habitats are in ravines that have downcut into Tertiary shell deposits or limesands. <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> and <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> are the principal canopy dominants, with <i>Carya cordiformis</i> and <i>Quercus rubra</i> as constant associates. Additional trees that may be locally important are <i>Juglans nigra, Ulmus rubra, Quercus alba, Quercus muehlenbergii</i>, and <i>Fraxinus americana</i>. Stands typically have dense understories dominated by <i>Asimina triloba</i> and <i>Lindera benzoin</i>. Herb layers are lush, but tend to be characterized by patch-dominance of clonal forbs and ferns. <i>Podophyllum peltatum, Arisaema triphyllum, Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis, Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum</i>, and <i>Polystichum acrostichoides</i> are widespread and abundant herbs. More locally abundant herbs include <i>Cystopteris protrusa, Deparia acrostichoides, Diplazium pycnocarpon, Actaea racemosa, Phegopteris hexagonoptera, Nemophila aphylla</i>, and <i>Actaea pachypoda</i>. Many additional low-cover herbaceous species are present in plot-sampled stands. |
Comm #424
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Pinus palustris - Pinus echinata / Quercus marilandica - (Quercus montana) / Vaccinium pallidum Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36502-{C6903CCF-F06D-4105-8C3E-1F79539A9B33}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
45
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This is one of several associations representing longleaf pine stands of interior regions of the southeastern United States, including the Piedmont, Cumberland Plateau, and Southern Ridge and Valley. This type occurs at moderate elevations (to 600 m) in mountainous regions and have been previously called montane longleaf. Other longleaf pine stands found at Pine Mountain, Georgia, on serpentine soils, or wet Piedmont soils are covered by other community types [see Similar Associations]. Examples of this type occur on steep, often rocky ridges composed of various rock types, including sandstone, quartzite, phyllite, mica schists, and gneiss. Vegetation structure and species composition are variable and depend on previous disturbance and the frequency of fire. The canopy ranges from open to closed and may be dominated solely by <i>Pinus palustris</i>, or support a mixture of other pines and oaks, although stands in northern Alabama with nearly equal mixtures of <i>Pinus palustris</i> and <i>Quercus montana</i> are accommodated by another association. The pine canopy, in addition to <i>Pinus palustris</i>, often includes <i>Pinus echinata</i>, and sometimes includes (presumably due to reduction of historical fire regimes) <i>Pinus taeda</i> and <i>Pinus virginiana</i>. Oaks can occur as canopy or subcanopy components and may include various combinations of <i>Quercus marilandica, Quercus stellata, Quercus montana, Quercus coccinea, Quercus velutina, Quercus alba</i>, and <i>Quercus falcata</i>. Other characteristic subcanopy trees are <i>Nyssa sylvatica, Oxydendrum arboreum, Acer rubrum var. rubrum, Sassafras albidum, Carya pallida, Carya tomentosa</i>, and sometimes <i>Cornus florida</i>. The shrub stratum is of variable density; characteristic species include <i>Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium arboreum, Vaccinium stamineum, Symplocos tinctoria</i>, and (in some portions of the range) <i>Gaylussacia frondosa</i> and <i>Vaccinium tenellum</i>. The herb layer may be highly suppressed following fire exclusion and canopy closure, but can be dense and grassy with fire. Characteristic species are <i>Schizachyrium scoparium, Sorghastrum nutans, Andropogon ternarius, Danthonia sericea, Danthonia spicata, Iris verna, Pteridium aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum, Solidago odora var. odora, Tephrosia virginiana, Clitoria mariana, Lespedeza</i> spp., <i>Desmodium</i> spp., <i>Pityopsis graminifolia var. latifolia, Dichanthelium commutatum, Coreopsis major, Silphium compositum, Parthenium integrifolium var. integrifolium, Scleria triglomerata, Liatris</i> sp., and <i>Solidago</i> sp. |
Comm #425
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Vaccinium membranaceum - (Sorbus sitchensis) / (Calamagrostis rubescens) Shrubland [Proposed]
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accession code: urn:lsid:ecoobs.vegbank.org:commConcept:53-{D2471303-6061-4CF0-A091-F49EB46F4AF0}
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Ramm-Granberg 2020 |
45
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NVC Code CEGL008284 |
Comm #426
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BARE ROCK
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accession code: VB.cc.29898.BAREROCK
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NVC 2004 |
44
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Comm #427
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PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII WOODLAND ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.CC.9925.PSEUDOTSUGAMENZ
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Jennings 2003. Vegetation alliances: composition and function. |
44
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Comm #428
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Pinus contorta Woodland Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30753.PINUSCONTORTAWO
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NVC 2004 |
44
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Comm #429
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James' Galleta Shrub Herbaceous Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30079.JAMESGALLETASHR
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NVC 2004 |
44
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Comm #430
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Platanus occidentalis - Liriodendron tulipifera - (Betula alleghaniensis) / Alnus serrulata - Leucothoe fontanesiana Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33473-{23EAACBF-7D47-4108-84A9-5673CCD54EAE}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
44
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This association covers alluvial forests of Southern Blue Ridge and nearby portions of the inner Piedmont. This type is associated with narrow, rocky floodplains and islands in medium-sized rivers, typically at elevations below 915 m (3000 feet). It is more frequent below 610 m (2000 feet). Examples are known from the Nantahala Gorge, Slickrock Creek, the South Toe River, and the Black and Craggy Mountains. Canopy composition of stands is variable but typical dominants are <i>Platanus occidentalis, Liriodendron tulipifera, Fraxinus americana, Betula alleghaniensis</i>, and <i>Betula lenta</i>. <i>Platanus</i> is characteristic, but not necessarily dominant in stands of this association. Other canopy/subcanopy trees can include <i>Carpinus caroliniana, Betula nigra, Acer rubrum, Pinus virginiana, Pinus strobus</i>, and <i>Tsuga canadensis</i>. In contrast to montane alluvial forests on the margins of the Southern Blue Ridge or on larger rivers, <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> is rare to absent in this type. The shrub stratum can be dense, often with local dominance by <i>Leucothoe fontanesiana</i> or <i>Rhododendron maximum</i>. Other characteristic shrubs include <i>Alnus serrulata, Xanthorhiza simplicissima, Corylus americana, Cornus amomum, Hamamelis virginiana, Euonymus americanus</i>, and <i>Hydrangea arborescens</i>. Vines can be prominent including <i>Aristolochia macrophylla, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Smilax glauca, Smilax rotundifolia</i>, and <i>Vitis aestivalis</i>. Herbaceous species composition varies from site to site, and herbaceous strata can be quite patchy on the rocky substrate. Characteristic species known from these forests include <i>Amphicarpaea bracteata, Actaea racemosa, Polystichum acrostichoides, Eurybia divaricata, Anemone quinquefolia, Athyrium filix-femina, Claytonia virginica, Erythronium americanum, Medeola virginiana, Packera aurea, Stellaria pubera, Tiarella cordifolia</i>, and <i>Viola blanda</i>. <i>Carex</i> species may be common (e.g., <i>Carex appalachica, Carex austrocaroliniana, Carex blanda, Carex digitalis, Carex plantaginea, Carex swanii, Carex torta</i>). |
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