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Description |
Comm #4401
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Quercus rubra - Carya ovata / Dennstaedtia punctilobula - Eupatorium purpureum - (Stachys subcordata) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36580-{DC026313-824C-4929-8BA3-94C29E1797EE}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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Comm #4402
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Nyssa aquatica Tidal Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36613-{D495101D-38DD-4AFB-A1A1-9EA6357C0F26}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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Tidal swamp forests of the East Gulf Coastal Plain and probably the Florida Peninsula and South Atlantic Coastal Plain ecoregions. Examples of this association are dominated by <i>Nyssa aquatica</i> and are influenced by tidal and seasonal alluvial flooding. The habitat stays saturated to flooded throughout the year. Characteristic canopy trees are <i>Nyssa aquatica, Taxodium distichum, Acer rubrum var. trilobum, Fraxinus profunda</i>, and to a lesser extent <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> and <i>Nyssa biflora</i>. Subcanopy trees include the same species as mentioned for the canopy, along with <i>Fraxinus caroliniana</i>. Common shrubs include <i>Itea virginica, Sabal minor, Ilex verticillata, Fraxinus caroliniana</i>, and <i>Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis</i>. Herbaceous species include <i>Phanopyrum gymnocarpon, Crinum americanum, Peltandra virginica, Saururus cernuus, Justicia ovata, Hydrocotyle</i> spp., <i>Dulichium arundinaceum, Orontium aquaticum, Onoclea sensibilis</i>, and <i>Leersia lenticularis</i>. Woody vines include <i>Smilax walteri, Smilax laurifolia, Berchemia scandens, Gelsemium rankinii</i>, and <i>Clematis virginiana</i>. Epiphytes include <i>Tillandsia usneoides</i>, along with <i>Tillandsia recurvata</i> and <i>Tillandsia bartramii</i> in examples of Tidal Water Tupelo Swamp Forest in the Florida Peninsula and southeastern Georgia. |
Comm #4403
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Salix interior Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36614-{BA0F1C1A-7F2B-48C5-B9C5-8A26BB96A9DB}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
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This willow shrubland community is found scattered along rivers and streams at lower elevations in parts of the Central Lowlands, the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain, and the Appalachians. This type represents an early-successional stage of temporarily flooded riparian vegetation that occurs most commonly on alluvial sands. The substrate may also contain silts, clays, and/or gravels. The canopy is dominated by <i>Salix interior</i>, which can form dense stands up to 4 m tall. There are often areas where the shrub layer is absent. Seedlings and small saplings of <i>Populus deltoides</i> or <i>Platanus occidentalis</i> may be present. The herbaceous cover is sparse to moderate, but rarely exceeds 30%. Species present include <i>Polygonum lapathifolium, Eupatorium</i> spp., <i>Schoenoplectus americanus</i>, and <i>Xanthium strumarium</i>. The composition of this community, especially the herbaceous layer, varies from year to year with succession or renewed disturbance. |
Comm #4404
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Quercus velutina - Carya pallida - Tilia americana var. heterophylla / Celtis laevigata / Aesculus pavia Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36617-{40677701-32D4-483C-8F2B-C4A21A8F6522}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This open-canopied forest community is currently known from north-facing slopes on coarse-textured (circumneutral?) substrates in the Inner Coastal Plain of Georgia. It could also occur at similar sites in Alabama and/or Mississippi. Stands are located between 150 and 200 m (500-700 feet) elevation on flat to gently concave slopes in ravines in a topographically dissected landscape of low relief. Only one stand of this type has been observed, on an unusual combination of a well-drained, coarse-textured substrate, which apparently contains some calcareous (shell) fraction as indicated by the calciphilic flora. The vegetation is an open oak forest primarily dominated by large individuals of <i>Quercus velutina</i>. The apparent absence of other <i>Quercus</i> species, as well as of pines, is noteworthy; stumps are absent, and the canopy gaps appear to have been created by windthrow and other natural processes as well as the character of the substrate and the slopes. Other oaks which are common in the landscape (e.g., <i>Quercus alba, Quercus falcata</i>) are not consistently part of the canopy dominance. <i>Carya pallida</i> and <i>Carya tomentosa</i> are also prominent and high-value components of the canopy. The canopy also contains <i>Tilia americana var. heterophylla</i>, and the subcanopy contains <i>Acer floridanum</i>. The lower strata are occupied by basophilic taxa, including <i>Celtis laevigata, Aesculus pavia, Cocculus carolinus, Spigelia marilandica</i>, etc. |
Comm #4405
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Abies magnifica - Pinus contorta var. murrayana / Hieracium albiflorum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36660-{EF715636-384E-4A91-BDCA-FDB9557AB1A3}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This forest association occurs throughout the central and southern Sierra Nevada in California at all elevations of the upper montane, from 2380 to 2900 m (7800-9500 feet). Aspects are variable, but mostly northeast and northwest. Slopes are gentle or moderate. Stands are typically on benches, lower slopes, and in bottom positions adjacent to and somewhat upslope from flat areas such as meadow complexes or drainage bottoms. Stands in this type have significantly less bare ground and surface gravel as compared to most others in the upper montane of the Sierra Nevada. Microrelief is usually smooth and uniform to gently undulating. Stands of this association are dense, multi-layered forests with understories composed of patches of dense conifer regeneration. Average tree cover is one of the highest in the forests of the upper montane of the Sierra Nevada. The overstory is dominated by <i>Abies magnifica</i> in a mix with <i>Pinus contorta var. murrayana</i>. Understories are sparse; shrub cover is among the lowest in the upper montane forests, and shrubs occur in isolated patches or as scattered individuals. The herb layer usually has a mix of mesic and moist-site indicators, such as <i>Hieracium albiflorum, Viola purpurea, Kelloggia galioides, Osmorhiza berteroi</i>, and <i>Poa bolanderi</i>. |
Comm #4406
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Abies magnifica - Pinus monticola Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36661-{4267D35B-C8FD-45E5-B671-8A2CD29E08B2}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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These forests are located at higher elevations throughout the central and southern Sierra Nevada, California. This association most frequently occurs above 2590 m (8500 feet) in elevation. Aspects can be varied, but sites typically face northeast and northwest. Most stands are on slopes that are somewhat steep or less. This association occurs predominantly on ridges and upper and middle slope positions where microrelief is smooth and uniform. Soils are generally derived from granite, but parent materials may be volcanic, sedimentary, metamorphic, or mixed. Stands are moderately dense forests with little understory vegetation. Tree cover is significantly higher than other stands with <i>Pinus monticola</i>. Overstory layers are characterized by the presence of <i>Pinus monticola</i> in a mix with <i>Abies magnifica</i>. In rare stands <i>Pinus monticola</i> may comprise nearly 50% of the crown cover, but generally red fir has the highest cover values. Understories are quite open. The shrub layer is essentially absent. The sparse forb component is distinguished by the presence of <i>Eucephalus breweri</i> and <i>Arabis platysperma</i>, indicating dry sites. <i>Monardella odoratissima</i> and <i>Erysimum capitatum var. perenne</i> are other herbs that may be present. Conifer regeneration is high, dominated by <i>Abies magnifica</i>. |
Comm #4407
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Calamagrostis breweri - Juncus drummondii Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36697-{7B94E096-1AD0-49A7-8BA8-11184DE69C4D}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This herbaceous association is currently only known from Yosemite National Park in California, and the following description is based on occurrences there. Additional information will be added as it becomes available. Examples of this association occur on lower slopes and basin floors at about 3050 m (10,000 feet) of elevation. Aspect does not seem to be important in differentiating this type. Slopes are gentle to moderate. Sites are seasonally saturated and soils are sandy to silt loams. This dense grassland association is codominated by <i>Calamagrostis breweri</i> and <i>Juncus drummondii</i>. <i>Ptilagrostis kingii</i> may be important in some stands. Other common graminoid associates may include <i>Agrostis humilis, Trisetum spicatum</i>, and traces of <i>Carex abrupta, Carex subnigricans, Deschampsia cespitosa, Luzula congesta, Ptilagrostis kingii, Poa pratensis, Poa stebbinsii</i>, and/or <i>Phleum alpinum</i>. The forb component is fairly minor, but the more common species present may include <i>Antennaria corymbosa, Polygonum bistortoides, Potentilla diversifolia, Sibbaldia procumbens</i>, and/or <i>Trifolium monanthum</i>. |
Comm #4408
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Abies magnifica - Pinus monticola / Arctostaphylos nevadensis Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36663-{2EC8E7FE-58C6-4287-9BA7-845620017B91}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This forest association is located on both the east and west sides of the central and southern Sierra Nevada, California, at elevations above 2440 m (8000 feet). Aspects are varied but predominantly southeastern and southwestern. Sites are mostly on ridges and moderate or somewhat steep upper and middle slopes on sites with broken and varied microrelief. Soils are predominantly derived from granite and may form on bedrock or alluvium or glacial till. Soils are typically shallow, well-drained or excessively drained sands or sandy loams. The available water-holding capacity in these stands is significantly lower than on other sites, although rootable fractures in the bedrock supply additional sources of moisture. Bare ground and surface rock are both significantly higher than most other sites, while litter depths are significantly less. Stands are open with an understory of <i>Arctostaphylos nevadensis</i>. Total vegetation cover is higher than other plant associations due to the high cover of this shrub; however, tree cover is lower than most types. Overstory composition is characterized by <i>Pinus monticola</i> mixed with <i>Abies magnifica</i>. <i>Arctostaphylos nevadensis</i> is the dominant shrub species, with <i>Chrysolepis sempervirens</i> as an occasional component of the shrub layer. The sparse herb layer includes <i>Arabis platysperma, Pedicularis semibarbata</i>, and <i>Achnatherum occidentale</i>. |
Comm #4409
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Quercus kelloggii / Arctostaphylos patula Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36665-{6AB80D95-BE79-4111-81D9-A5D5A2E84C49}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This forest association is found in the Sierra Nevada from Tulare to Sierra counties, California. Stands of this forest are found at low to mid elevations (1400-2160 m [4600-7100 feet]) on west- and south-facing slopes that are primarily less than somewhat steep (<20°). Soil textures are usually loams and are often from granitic and sometimes andesitic parent material. Stands of this forest are dominated by <i>Quercus kelloggii</i> in the tree layer with an understory shrub layer of <i>Arctostaphylos patula</i> and <i>Ceanothus cordulatus</i>. <i>Calocedrus decurrens</i> may also be quite common in this association. Other tree species may include <i>Abies lowiana, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus jeffreyi, Ceanothus integerrimus, Prunus emarginata, Chrysolepis sempervirens, Chamaebatia foliolosa</i>, and <i>Arctostaphylos mewukka</i>. Rarely occurring are <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus chrysolepis, Quercus vacciniifolia, Amelanchier utahensis, Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. mariposa, Ceanothus prostratus, Garrya fremontii, Philadelphus lewisii</i>, and <i>Symphoricarpos mollis</i>. Most of the tree species in this association have a dbh between 10-28 cm (4-11 inches), and some of the tree species have a dbh of 30-58 cm (12-23 inches). |
Comm #4410
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Pinus jeffreyi / Chrysolepis sempervirens Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36673-{AB70489D-986B-40E4-8237-1E316C4857C8}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This woodland association is currently only known from Yosemite National Park and Inyo National Forest in California, and the following description is based on occurrences there. Additional information will be added as it becomes available. Stands of this woodland are found at mid to high elevations (2100-2900 m [6900-9500 feet]) on gentle to somewhat steep (3-22°) slopes with variable aspects ranging from northeast to south. Soils are poorly developed to moderately well-developed with textures ranging from gravelly sandy rock to silt loam. These soils are shallow to deep and are usually well-drained. Parent material is granitic. Stands of this woodland are dominated by <i>Pinus jeffreyi</i> in the open to intermittent tree canopy and <i>Chrysolepis sempervirens</i> in the open to intermittent understory shrub layer. The tree canopy may occasionally include <i>Abies lowiana, Abies magnifica, Pinus lambertiana</i>, and <i>Juniperus grandis</i>. Understory species contribute to minor cover and may include <i>Achnatherum webberi, Apocynum androsaemifolium, Quercus vacciniifolia, Arctostaphylos patula, Cistanthe monosperma, Cryptantha muricata, Eriogonum spergulinum var. reddingianum, Hydrophyllum occidentale, Lupinus confertus, Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum, Pseudostellaria jamesiana, Pyrola picta, Rumex acetosella, Streptanthus tortuosus</i>, and <i>Symphoricarpos rotundifolius var. rotundifolius</i>. |
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