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Add/Drop	Name	Reference	Plots↓	Description
Comm #4411	Pinus jeffreyi / Ceanothus cordulatus Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36676-{4748894E-B039-4534-B657-E46E29FDC15B}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This association ranges throughout the upper montane of the central and southern Sierra Nevada in California, although stands become more common to the north of the San Joaquin River and in the eastern Sierra Nevada. Elevations range from 2074 to 2867 m (6800-9400 feet), but stands are most commonly below 2440 m (8000 feet). Aspects are usually southeastern through southwestern on slopes that are gentle or moderate. Stands are located in middle and lower slope positions. Soils are usually formed in place over granitic or volcanic bedrock, and are generally deep, sandy loams. Soils are usually excessively drained, and soil temperatures are among the highest in the upper montane of the Sierra Nevada. Stands in this association are open woodlands with scattered, sometimes large patches of shrubs. Total tree cover is among the lowest of the forested associations of the upper montane of the Sierra Nevada. The shrub cover is significantly higher than other sites. The overstory is distinguished by the presence of <i>Pinus jeffreyi</i>, which averages 16% cover. <i>Abies magnifica</i> is generally present, and <i>Pinus contorta var. murrayana</i> or <i>Abies lowiana</i> may occasionally also be present. Where <i>Pinus jeffreyi</i> is not the dominant tree, the understories are dominated by <i>Ceanothus cordulatus, Artemisia tridentata, Purshia tridentata</i>, or <i>Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus</i> and indicate the association. The shrub layer is often a mix of species in two distinct types that occur on the westside or eastside forests. Westside stands tend to be clearly dominated by <i>Ceanothus cordulatus</i>, whereas eastside stands tend to be mixed low-shrub communities. Westside stands are dominated by <i>Ceanothus cordulatus</i> sometimes mixed with <i>Artemisia tridentata</i>. Eastside stands can be dominated by any one of four species: <i>Ceanothus cordulatus, Artemisia tridentata, Purshia tridentata</i>, or <i>Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus</i>. <i>Arabis platysperma, Gayophytum eriospermum, Elymus elymoides</i>, and <i>Achnatherum lemmonii</i> are the most frequent species in the herb layer.
Comm #4412	Quercus douglasii / Ceanothus cuneatus / Poaceae Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36689-{C2DE14DD-5031-40A5-918D-15E0ED24FBA1}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This association occurs in the foothills and Sierra Nevada from Butte to Fresno counties, and in the Central Coast in Monterey and San Benito counties, California. Stands of this forest are found at low elevations (90-1160 m [300-3800 feet]) on all aspects of slopes that are moderately steep to very steep (25-63%). Soils are rocky and gravelly sandy loams from granitic soils (basalts and shales). Stands of this forest are dominated by <i>Quercus douglasii</i> in the overstory, <i>Ceanothus cuneatus</i> in the understory shrub layer, and species of Poaceae in the understory herbaceous layer. <i>Pinus sabiniana</i> and <i>Quercus wislizeni</i> are usually found in this association. <i>Aesculus californica</i> is occasionally present. Other species present may include <i>Rhamnus crocea, Toxicodendron diversilobum</i>, and <i>Arctostaphylos viscida</i>.
Comm #4413	Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana / Carex exserta Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36692-{18CB4346-8BD0-4797-9E5A-42113A37A8AF}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This shrubland association is currently only known from Yosemite National Park in California, and the following description is based on occurrences there. Additional information will be added as it becomes available. Stands of this association are found in the subalpine zone, occupying the coolest and moistest climate zone of the <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> shrubland complex. Elevations range between 2865 and 3290 m (9400-10,800 feet) of elevation on basin floors and gentle to moderate lower slopes and often occur above lower treeline as patches within montane or subalpine coniferous forests. The climate regime is cool, semi-arid with yearly precipitation ranging from 25-60 cm. Much of the yearly precipitation falls as snow, which may cover the ground for long periods in winter. Temperatures are continental with large annual and diurnal variation. Stands can occur on all aspects and prefer gentle slopes near meadow edges. The soils are moderate to deep silty loams. There may be a fair amount of rocky, bare ground within stands. This vegetation forms an intermittent to continuous canopy less than 0.5 m in height. <i>Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana</i> is the dominant shrub codominating with moist-site indicator graminoids, primarily <i>Carex exserta</i>. <i>Vaccinium cespitosum</i> may also be present in the shrub canopy. Other graminoids and forbs commonly present include <i>Carex filifolia, Antennaria rosea, Achnatherum nelsonii, Hesperostipa comata, Lupinus leucophyllus, Danthonia intermedia, Juncus mexicanus, Hesperostipa comata</i>, and/or <i>Poa stebbinsii</i>.
Comm #4414	Pinus jeffreyi / Quercus vacciniifolia Sierra Nevada Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36753-{8ADCFB3E-D482-40CE-A2CB-64A61C789008}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This woodland association is currently only known from Yosemite National Park in California, and the following description is based on occurrences there. Additional information will be added as it becomes available. Stands are found at mid elevations (1920-2590 m [6300-8500 feet]) on variable slopes (4-58%). These site are typically southeast- and southwest-facing and on the middle, upper and ridges of slopes. The microrelief of these sites are usually hummocky and broken. Soils are excessively to poorly drained and have more surface gravel than most nearby associations. Soil depth is moderately deep to deep (33-100+ cm [13-40+ inches]) with textures that are often sandy loam and sand from granitic parent material. The topsoil has a high coarse fragment cover. Stands form an open tree layer dominated by <i>Pinus jeffreyi</i> and an intermittent to dense understory shrub layer dominated by <i>Quercus vacciniifolia</i>. <i>Abies lowiana</i> and <i>Abies magnifica</i> are typically found here as well. In some cases <i>Pinus jeffreyi</i> is in near equal cover to <i>Abies lowiana</i> and <i>Abies magnifica</i>. The understory is characterized by <i>Quercus vacciniifolia</i> with usually lesser amounts of <i>Arctostaphylos nevadensis</i>. Other species that may occasionally be present include <i>Ceanothus cordulatus</i>. Herbaceous species may include <i>Pedicularis semibarbata, Arabis platysperma, Eriogonum nudum, Gayophytum eriospermum, Erigeron breweri, Monardella odoratissima ssp. pallida, Elymus elymoides ssp. elymoides</i>, and <i>Achnatherum occidentale</i>.
Comm #4415	Ericameria nauseosa Steppe & Shrubland Alliance » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:38483-{64C40739-ADC5-45C4-AEC0-258D9F65FB28}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	The vegetation is characterized by a sparse to moderately dense, short-shrub layer (5-60% cover) that is dominated by <i>Ericameria nauseosa</i>. Depending on geography, associated shrubs may include scattered <i>Artemisia filifolia, Artemisia tridentata, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Opuntia</i> spp., <i>Prunus virginiana, Rhus trilobata, Symphoricarpos occidentalis</i>, and <i>Yucca</i> spp. The herbaceous layer can vary from sparse moderately dense, being more prominent in some stands than shrubs, and dominated by graminoids. Common native grasses include <i>Achnatherum hymenoides, Bouteloua</i> spp., <i>Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus, Leymus flavescens, Pascopyrum smithii, Pleuraphis jamesii, Pseudoroegneria spicata</i>, and <i>Sporobolus cryptandrus</i>. Native forbs generally have low cover. Disturbed stands typically have high cover of introduced annual <i>Bromus</i> species. This alliance includes both natural and semi-natural stands from localized areas across the northern Great Plains and throughout the western U.S. Elevations range from 1100 to 2200 m. Soils are variable but generally well-drained and coarse-textured. Sites are flat to gently sloping, occurring on all aspects. The semi-natural stands included in this alliance are seral shrubland communities resulting from overgrazing by livestock, road building, or other cultural disturbance of typically grass-dominated communities.
Comm #4416	Rhus integrifolia Coastal Bluff Chaparral Alliance » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:38746-{A87C7370-84D3-424F-8EB1-7E3AD1867C05}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	The vegetation is characterized by a two-tiered, open to continuous shrub canopy dominated or codominated by <i>Rhus integrifolia</i>. Other shrub associates may include <i>Adenostoma fasciculatum, Artemisia californica, Diplacus aurantiacus, Encelia californica, Eriogonum cinereum, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Heteromeles arbutifolia, Malacothamnus fasciculatus, Malosma laurina, Opuntia</i> spp., <i>Rhamnus crocea, Salvia leucophylla, Salvia mellifera, Sambucus nigra, Xylococcus bicolor</i>, and <i>Hesperoyucca whipplei</i>. Scattered species of trees, including <i>Juglans californica, Quercus agrifolia, Pinus torreyana</i>, and <i>Schinus molle</i>, may occur. The herbaceous layer is open. These shrublands are known from the southern California coast and occur on gentle to abrupt slopes and coastal bluffs of variable aspect. Soils are loams and clays. Elevations range from 5-750 m.
Comm #4417	Allium spp. - Streptanthus spp. - Hesperolinon spp. Serpentinite Sparse Rock Vegetation Alliance » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:38997-{8E43461D-419F-456C-BE57-9FCFF9915CC4}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This alliance contains sparse herbaceous vegetation occupying serpentinite rock outcrops of the central and southern Sierra Nevada, central and northern Coast Ranges, and Klamath Mountains. Herbaceous forbs predominate and may include <i>Allium cratericola, Allium falcifolium, Asclepias solanoana, Eriogonum nudum, Eriogonum ursinum</i>, and other <i>Eriogonum</i> spp., <i>Hesperolinon</i> spp., <i>Lomatium</i> spp., <i>Phacelia</i> spp., and <i>Streptanthus</i> spp. Shrubs, including <i>Adenostoma fasciculatum, Ceanothus</i> spp., and <i>Quercus durata</i>, may be present though sparse (&lt;5%) in cover. In good rain years, herbaceous cover may exceed 10% cover, though in most times of the year cover is low.
Comm #4418	Pinus contorta var. murrayana Subalpine Forest & Woodland Alliance » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:38841-{07A68F64-BEB8-4DF2-8912-D4E9A6BE6EE2}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This alliance consists of forests and woodlands dominated by <i>Pinus contorta var. murrayana</i> with shrub, grass or barren understories. Understories are open, with scattered shrubs and herbaceous species, which do provide a continuous fuel bed for fire. Trees can be old and can attain diameters of 1.2 m (4 feet). Associated plant species include <i>Arctostaphylos nevadensis, Artemisia tridentata, Ceanothus cordulatus, Cercocarpus ledifolius</i> (although not that common, just occasional in drier sites), <i>Chrysolepis sempervirens, Phyllodoce breweri</i>, and <i>Ribes montigenum</i>. Common graminoids include <i>Carex exserta, Carex filifolia, Carex rossii</i>, and <i>Poa wheeleri</i>. This alliance is widespread in glacial basins at upper montane to subalpine elevations of the central and northern Sierra Nevada and Transverse and Peninsular ranges where cold-dry conditions exist (1800-2450 m [6000-8000 feet] in the north and 2450-3600 m [8000-11,800 feet] in the south). It also occurs on extensive broad ridges and pumice plateaus of the southern Cascades in Oregon (the broad ridges that form the Cascade Crest in southern Oregon tend to be dominated by extensive stands of lodgepole pine). Soils are often shallow and coarse-textured.
Comm #4419	Opuntia littoralis - Opuntia oricola - Cylindropuntia prolifera Succulent Scrub Alliance » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:39095-{2B873454-8E05-41BE-AC67-E031470BB427}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This coastal scrub alliance consists of stands where <i>Opuntia</i> and <i>Cylindropuntia</i> species, particularly <i>Cylindropuntia californica var. parkeri, Opuntia littoralis, Opuntia oricola</i>, and <i>Cylindropuntia prolifera</i>, are conspicuous and often dominant. <i>Artemisia californica, Cleome isomeris, Cneoridium dumosum, Encelia californica, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Euphorbia misera, Lycium</i> spp., <i>Mirabilis laevis, Cylindropuntia californica, Opuntia oricola, Opuntia phaeacantha, Cylindropuntia prolifera, Opuntia</i> hybrids, <i>Salvia mellifera</i>, and <i>Hesperoyucca whipplei</i> may be present with sparse cover. The shrub canopy is &lt;2 m, and cover is intermittent or continuous in two tiers. The herbaceous layer is open to continuous and diverse. This alliance occurs along California's outer, southern coastal ranges, the Channel Islands, and coastal Baja California, Mexico. Elevation is less than 1200 m. It is often found on south-facing slopes and headlands and grows on steep slopes with shallow soils with low water-holding capacity. Long dry summers expose this alliance to severe drought stress. Yearly precipitation is typically less than 30 cm and falls predominantly between November and April.
Comm #4420	Encelia farinosa Desert Scrub Alliance » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:39400-{079C7C2C-6422-40F2-9AE2-B5B13DE84151}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	The vegetation is a sparse to intermittent shrub layer that is characterized by the dominance of <i>Encelia farinosa</i>. Other characteristic shrubs include <i>Ambrosia dumosa, Ephedra aspera, Ephedra nevadensis</i>, and <i>Peucephyllum schottii</i>. If present, <i>Larrea tridentata</i> has low cover or is restricted to microsites. Herbaceous cover is sparse and typically composed of annuals such as <i>Eriogonum inflatum, Cryptantha</i> spp., and exotic <i>Schismus</i> spp. This alliance occurs in the Mojave Desert of Arizona, California and Nevada. Stands are found on various landforms, and is often found on south- to west-facing aspects along upper bajadas and lower mountain slopes between 200 and 1000 m elevation. Substrates are usually rocky. Soils are derived from a variety of substrates including alkali-granite (alaskite), alluvium, limestone, volcanic, and sandstone, and textures are variable.