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Comm #4621	Robinia pseudoacacia - Celtis occidentalis - (Fraxinus americana, Liriodendron tulipifera) Ruderal Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35534-{7BB50597-7864-4F0A-9D4B-634CB0277F95}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	A dry-mesic to mesic successional slope forest of the Ridge and Valley, with <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> (up to 50%) and <i>Celtis occidentalis</i> (5-50%) making up most of the total canopy cover; <i>Fraxinus americana</i> or <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> may contribute 1-75% of the total canopy cover. Other common canopy species are <i>Acer saccharum</i> and <i>Ulmus rubra</i>. The subcanopy is typically dominated by <i>Acer saccharum</i> and <i>Asimina triloba</i>. This differs from the ~<i>Robinia pseudoacacia </i>Ruderal Forest (CEGL007279)$$ in having a more mixed canopy, in occurring over calcareous substrates, and in having calciphilic species. This successional forest is found on calcareous shale ridges and knobs, and at least some stands are thought to have resulted from clearcutting.
Comm #4622	Pinus edulis - Juniperus osteosperma / Cercocarpus intricatus Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29688-{F3793EFF-3185-4787-A344-DF162325FB98}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This woodland association occurs on the Colorado Plateau, and in western Colorado, northern Utah, and possibly Wyoming. The vegetation is characterized by a short (2-10 m), open tree canopy (10-25% cover) codominated by <i>Pinus edulis</i> and <i>Juniperus osteosperma</i>, and by the dominance of <i>Cercocarpus intricatus</i> in the relatively sparse short-shrub layer (5-25% cover). Other shrubs may be present such as <i>Amelanchier utahensis, Arctostaphylos patula, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Mahonia fremontii, Quercus gambelii</i>, or <i>Yucca</i> spp. are often present in many stands. Herbaceous cover is sparse (&lt;5% cover) and is composed of scattered forbs and grasses such as species of <i>Cryptantha, Penstemon</i>, and <i>Opuntia, Achnatherum hymenoides, Bouteloua gracilis, Elymus elymoides, Pleuraphis jamesii</i>, and <i>Poa fendleriana</i>. Stands occur on dry sandstone ridgetops, mesa edges, outcrops, colluvial slopes, slickrock hills, benches and knolls at moderate elevations of 1484 to 2470 m (4870-8100 feet) on south and southwest aspects, on slopes of varying steepness. Exposed bedrock and large rock may cover over 50% of the stand, with vegetation growing in the cracks. These sandstone-derived soils are generally poorly developed, coarse-textured and skeletal.
Comm #4623	Pinus monophylla - Juniperus osteosperma / Artemisia nova Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29740-{8B6B2518-58A8-4612-8AF2-394E4C256407}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This woodland association occurs in the Great Basin. Elevations range from 1830-2030 m (6000-6650 feet). Stands occur on mesas, hills and rocky ridges. Aspects are variable with southeast and northeast reported. Slopes are gentle to moderate. The soils are variable but typically shallow, fine-textured and lithic. Clay loams are common, but soil texture ranges to clay. Litter from trees may cover up to half the ground surface. Pavement is often high with 30-40% cover. Cover of rock or bare ground may also be significant (to 25%). The vegetation is characterized by an open to dense tree canopy (10-80% cover) typically codominated by <i>Pinus monophylla</i> and <i>Juniperus osteosperma</i>. The short-shrub layer is sparse to moderately dense (10-25% cover) and is dominated by <i>Artemisia nova</i>. <i>Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus</i> and <i>Gutierrezia sarothrae</i> are frequent associates. Other associated shrubs may include low cover of <i>Ephedra nevadensis, Ericameria nauseosa, Grayia spinosa</i>, and trace <i>Quercus gambelii</i>. The sparse to moderately dense herbaceous layer is dominated by graminoids with scattered forbs. Associated graminoids include <i>Achnatherum hymenoides, Elymus elymoides, Hesperostipa comata, Achnatherum thurberianum, Poa secunda</i>, and <i>Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. inermis</i>. Although forb cover is generally sparse, it may be very diverse. Common forbs include <i>Cryptantha cinerea var. jamesii, Eriogonum caespitosum, Gilia ochroleuca, Lomatium foeniculaceum ssp. macdougalii</i>, and <i>Sphaeralcea coccinea</i>. Disturbed stands may have high cover of the introduced annual grass <i>Bromus tectorum</i> or <i>Halogeton glomeratus</i>, an introduced forb.
Comm #4624	Pinus ponderosa / Artemisia nova Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29755-{1344C156-9B18-4585-9E3A-2ED7AF25C428}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This Colorado Plateau woodland has been reported from mountains and plateaus in southern Utah and northern Arizona. Stands occur on rocky ridges and benches with various aspects. Elevation ranges from 2100-2750 m (6900-9000 feet). Substrates are typically shallow, gravelly loam, clay loam or silt loam soils derived from basalt or a mix of colluvial shale and sandstone, sometimes with an impermeable subsurface horizon that restricts rooting. Some sites are known to have seasonally high water tables. The vegetation is characterized by an open tree canopy (5-30% cover) that is dominated by <i>Pinus ponderosa</i>. Scattered <i>Juniperus scopulorum</i> or <i>Pinus flexilis</i> trees may also be present. <i>Artemisia nova</i> or <i>Artemisia arbuscula</i> dominates the typically sparse dwarf-shrub layer with 5-20% cover. Occasionally, this association may occur as a very sparse woodland, with total vegetation cover not exceeding 15%. Other shrub species present may include <i>Purshia tridentata, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Ericameria parryi, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Quercus gambelii, Symphoricarpos oreophilus</i>, and <i>Tetradymia canescens</i>. If <i>Quercus gambelii</i> is present, it has less than 5% cover and much less cover than <i>Artemisia</i>. The sparse herbaceous layer (&lt;10% cover) is primarily composed of graminoids with scattered forbs and includes <i>Achnatherum hymenoides, Bouteloua gracilis, Carex rossii, Elymus elymoides, Leymus salinus, Piptatheropsis micrantha, Poa fendleriana, Poa secunda, Eriogonum alatum, Eriogonum racemosum, Opuntia</i> spp., and <i>Penstemon caespitosus</i>.
Comm #4625	Pinus ponderosa / Pseudoroegneria spicata Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29774-{3D4E76B6-03B6-40B6-AA4E-E1F9F7C57CE9}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This ponderosa pine woodland is one of the drier ponderosa pine woodlands found in the northern Rocky Mountains, Inter-Mountains, and extreme northwestern Great Plains of the United States and Canada. It is found on slopes with coarse soils, often with a high gravel or rock content. <i>Pinus ponderosa</i> is typically the only tree in the overstory, although <i>Juniperus scopulorum</i> may be present in the subcanopy. It forms open to moderately closed canopies. There are very few shrubs. The herbaceous layer is dominated by <i>Pseudoroegneria spicata</i>. Other species found in this layer are <i>Carex filifolia, Carex inops ssp. heliophila, Koeleria macrantha, Achillea millefolium, Balsamorhiza sagittata</i> and <i>Hesperostipa comata</i>. Bare mineral soil and exposed rock are common.
Comm #4626	Arctostaphylos pungens Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29867-{64F46161-F08E-4552-8A03-D3B2EF0AF811}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This chaparral association has been described from the Virgin Mountains in southern Nevada, Markagunt Plateau in southwestern Utah, the Mogollon Rim in Arizona south to the Animas Mountains in southwestern New Mexico. Sites include dry, gentle to moderate slopes of mountains and plateaus. Substrates are variable and range from rocky, coarse-textured soil to clay loam. The vegetation is characterized by a typically dense, tall-shrub layer dominated by <i>Arctostaphylos pungens</i> (50-70% cover) with sparse short-shrub or herbaceous layers. Associated shrubs vary geographically with <i>Arctostaphylos patula, Amelanchier utahensis, Ceanothus</i> spp., <i>Cercocarpus ledifolius, Ephedra viridis, Garrya flavescens, Mahonia fremontii, Quercus gambelii, Quercus turbinella</i>, or <i>Robinia neomexicana</i> present in the northern extant and <i>Arctostaphylos pringlei, Ceanothus</i> spp., <i>Garrya wrightii, Nolina microcarpa, Quercus hypoleucoides, Quercus turbinella</i>, or scattered <i>Quercus rugosa</i> or <i>Pinus discolor</i> trees present in the southern extent. The herbaceous layer, if present, consists of sparse cover of grasses or forbs.
Comm #4627	Artemisia tridentata / Bouteloua gracilis Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29904-{93FA00F7-4BAC-4136-BC2A-7208B476084A}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This shrubland has only been described from the plateaus and mesas of Grand Canyon and Zion national parks in northwestern Arizona and southwestern Utah, but it is more widespread and likely occurs in New Mexico and Nevada. Sites range from valley bottoms and drainages to rolling hills, mesa tops and terraces. Substrates are alluvial soils derived from limestone or volcanic flows or sandy-textured soil derived from sandstone or sandy limestone. Stands have an open, short-shrub canopy (less than 1 m tall) that is dominated by the evergreen microphyllous shrub <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> usually with greater than 20% cover. Other common shrubs and dwarf-shrubs may include <i>Gutierrezia sarothrae, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Atriplex canescens, Krascheninnikovia lanata</i>, or <i>Ephedra viridis</i>. The sparse herbaceous layer is dominated by the short perennial bunchgrass <i>Bouteloua gracilis</i> with <i>Achnatherum hymenoides, Pascopyrum smithii</i>, or <i>Sporobolus cryptandrus</i> often present. Forbs are sparse. Scattered <i>Juniperus osteosperma</i> trees and succulents such as <i>Opuntia</i> spp. may also be present.
Comm #4628	Artemisia tridentata / Ericameria nauseosa Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29907-{93A94883-A8A3-4E0C-B183-A5DF201FC5EC}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This is a broadly defined, semi-arid shrubland association described from western and northern Nevada and eastern California, but it is likely widespread in the intermountain western U.S. within the range of sagebrush. Elevations range from 1220-1430 m (4000-4680 feet) in Nevada. Stands occur on valley floors and adjacent lower slopes. Sites are flat to gently sloping. Substrates are deep, moderately well- to well-drained silty clay loam to sandy loam soils derived from stratified alluvium. The ground surface has moderate to high cover of bare soil and litter. Disturbance appears to be important for this type. The vegetation is characterized by a relatively open (25% cover) shrub canopy codominated by <i>Ericameria nauseosa</i> and <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> shrubs 0.5-2 m tall with a sparse herbaceous layer. Either <i>Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis</i> or <i>Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata</i> may codominate these shrublands. Other shrubs and dwarf-shrubs may be present with low cover, including <i>Artemisia frigida, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Ericameria parryi, Grayia spinosa</i>, and <i>Sarcobatus vermiculatus</i>. Herbaceous vegetation is typically sparse. <i>Carex filifolia, Elymus elymoides</i>, and <i>Leymus cinereus</i> may be present with low cover. The introduced annual grass <i>Bromus tectorum</i> may be present but does not form an herbaceous layer.
Comm #4629	Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata / Pascopyrum smithii - (Elymus lanceolatus) Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29926-{B177DE8E-5C66-492B-9130-49650E90BB78}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This widespread sagebrush shrubland occurs on valley bottoms, stream terraces and other relatively mesic sites west of the Great Plains throughout much of the intermountain western U.S. Stands occur over an elevational range of 1800-2410 m (5900-7900 feet). Most stands grow on alluvial terraces in stream alluvium, although a few occur on upland swales. Soils generally are loamy or sandy. Water tables may be within 2 m of the soil surface. The stream channel often is dry and may be incised. Soils are moderately well-drained sandy loam to sandy clay loam derived from alluvium. This association is characterized by a sparse to moderately dense short-shrub layer (up to about 40% canopy cover and to 1.5 m tall) that is dominated by <i>Artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata</i>, with an herbaceous layer that is usually dominated by <i>Pascopyrum smithii</i> or <i>Elymus lanceolatus</i>. Other shrubs may be present in small amounts, especially <i>Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Ericameria nauseosa, Ericameria parryi, Krascheninnikovia lanata</i>, or <i>Quercus gambelii</i>. The sparse to dense herbaceous layer is dominated by graminoids and is poor in species richness relative to other sagebrush types. Other species that may be present in substantial amounts are <i>Achnatherum hymenoides, Achnatherum pinetorum, Bromus inermis, Elymus elymoides, Leymus cinereus, Muhlenbergia richardsonis, Poa fendleriana, Poa secunda</i>, and introduced species <i>Bromus inermis</i> and <i>Poa pratensis</i>. Forbs contribute much less cover than do grasses. Species that often occur are <i>Achillea millefolium, Astragalus</i> spp., <i>Erigeron compositus, Packera cana, Penstemon</i> spp., <i>Symphyotrichum ascendens</i>, and introduced species <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> and <i>Melilotus officinalis</i>.
Comm #4630	Betula occidentalis Wet Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29989-{DACA5129-D472-47C4-82ED-CA473EAC8652}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This shrubland occurs on stream benches and floodplains in narrow to moderately wide valleys and hillside seeps in mountains, canyons, foothills, and sheltered alcoves across much of the western U.S. Surface water is present for extended periods during the growing season. The water table, after flooding ceases, is variable, extending from saturated to well below the ground surface, but the roots of <i>Betula occidentalis</i> are always in saturated soil. Substrates are typically alluvial and range from fairly shallow, finer-textured soils to gravel and boulders. Soils usually have signs of saturation (mottles). The vegetation is characterized by a nearly continuous tall-shrub to small-tree canopy dominated by <i>Betula occidentalis</i> along the streambank. Other shrub species include <i>Alnus incana, Cornus sericea, Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda, Salix</i> spp., <i>Amelanchier utahensis, Rhus trilobata, Shepherdia argentea</i>, and <i>Prunus virginiana</i>. Along narrow valleys at higher elevations, conifers may overhang the stream edge. Herbaceous undergrowth can be limited because of the dense shrub canopy. However, if the shrub canopy is open and the stand is on relatively well-drained yet mesic site (for example, elevated river benches), the herbaceous layer can be abundant. It is often a diverse mixture of grasses and forbs that is dominated by disturbance-induced species, including most commonly <i>Agrostis stolonifera, Cirsium arvense, Phleum pratense</i>, and <i>Poa pratensis</i>. Forb species include <i>Maianthemum stellatum, Heracleum sphondylium, Thalictrum fendleri</i>, and <i>Rudbeckia laciniata</i>. Graminoid cover is highly variable and can include <i>Carex utriculata, Carex pellita, Carex microptera, Carex nebrascensis, Glyceria</i> spp., <i>Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis</i>, and introduced hay grasses. Diagnostic of this association is the <i>Betula occidentalis</i>-dominated tall-shrub layer and a variable, weedy, mixed herbaceous undergrowth that occurs on sites that are flooded for extended periods during the growing season.