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Comm #4701
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Rhododendron maximum Montane Ruderal Thicket
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32679-{C2943870-57B8-4A05-A02A-BCF62A920138}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This community occurs along streams and on protected slopes in the mountains of North Carolina, Tennessee, South Carolina, Georgia, and possibly Virginia. It can also occur on xeric ridges and sideslopes, or sites which have been subjected to extreme crown fires or other catastrophic disturbance that has removed the canopy. It is a broad-leaved, evergreen shrubland, dominated by <i>Rhododendron maximum</i> which forms a continuous, dense shrub canopy up to 5 m tall. <i>Kalmia latifolia, Rhododendron minus</i>, and <i>Rhododendron catawbiense</i> may also occur as components of the shrub stratum. Shrub vegetation beneath the upper shrub canopy may be open to dense depending on the stand's age and topographic setting. The ground layer is dominated by leaf litter or bare soil, although scattered herbs and woody seedlings do occur. Seedlings and saplings of <i>Rhododendron maximum, Acer rubrum, Betula lenta, Betula alleghaniensis</i>, and <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> are common and typical herbs include <i>Dryopteris intermedia, Heuchera villosa, Viola</i> spp., <i>Thelypteris noveboracensis, Listera smallii</i>, and <i>Galax urceolata</i>. This shrubland is typical along streams and on mesic, unexposed, often north-facing slopes at elevations of approximately 300-1100 m (1000-3000 feet), but can also occur on steep slopes and ridges where natural disturbances have removed the canopy. Soils supporting this community are typically acidic. Occurrences at edges of streams may flood during rainy seasons. This community can occur as the result of disturbance and will succeed to forest with an ericaceous understory without some form of disturbance. This community may have scattered woody species that are greater than 5 m tall but with generally less than 10% total cover. |
Comm #4702
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Alnus serrulata - Rhododendron viscosum - Rhododendron maximum / Juncus gymnocarpus - Chelone cuthbertii Seepage Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32772-{B3FD7D82-DCA6-4839-BD41-D4B3B2BB0FF1}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This montane wetland occurs as a mosaic or zoned pattern of shrub thickets and herb-dominated areas, much of it underlain by <i>Sphagnum</i> mats. All or nearly all examples are flat and occur in the higher portions of the floodplains of creeks or small rivers, receive minimal seepage, and are rarely or never flooded. This community occurs at moderate elevations from about 750-950 m (2400-3200 feet), in the northern part of the Southern Blue Ridge, primarily in Allegheny and Ashe counties, North Carolina. It also occurs south of the Asheville Basin in southwestern North Carolina and probably in adjacent South Carolina and Georgia at elevations of 900-1200 m (3000-4000 feet). Trees such as <i>Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, Pinus strobus, Tsuga canadensis</i>, and <i>Pinus rigida</i> may be scattered throughout or may dominate in patches or on the edges. Shrubs may include <i>Alnus serrulata, Rosa palustris, Salix sericea, Aronia arbutifolia, Aronia melanocarpa, Rhododendron maximum, Rhododendron viscosum, Kalmia latifolia, Kalmia carolina, Hypericum densiflorum, Lyonia ligustrina, Ilex verticillata, Spiraea tomentosa, Spiraea alba</i>, and <i>Menziesia pilosa</i>. The herb layer may include <i>Carex leptalea, Carex folliculata, Carex gynandra, Carex atlantica, Rhynchospora capitellata, Scirpus expansus, Scirpus cyperinus, Scirpus atrovirens, Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, Solidago patula var. patula, Packera aurea, Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens, Juncus effusus, Juncus subcaudatus, Lysimachia terrestris, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Eriophorum virginicum, Oxypolis rigidior, Sagittaria latifolia</i>, and <i>Orontium aquaticum</i>. <i>Sphagnum</i> species include <i>Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum affine, Sphagnum bartlettianum</i>, and <i>Sphagnum recurvum</i>. Other important bryophytes include <i>Polytrichum commune, Rhizomnium appalachianum</i>, and <i>Aulacomnium palustre</i>. |
Comm #4703
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Quercus rubra / Magnolia tripetala - Cercis canadensis / Actaea racemosa - Tiarella cordifolia Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32798-{0125483D-22B1-4B71-BC1C-C8042D7A3740}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This basic mesic forest of the southern Piedmont is a more mesic variation of ~<i>Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya (ovata, carolinae-septentrionalis) / Cercis canadensis</i> Forest (CEGL007232)$$. It occurs on circumneutral to basic, well-drained soils in the Piedmont of South Carolina and possibly also occurs in Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. Proportions of <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> and other early-successional species increase following disturbance. The canopy is dominated by <i>Quercus rubra</i> and often <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> in combination with small amounts of <i>Quercus alba</i> and <i>Fagus grandifolia</i>. This community exists in ravine areas and is best developed on the north-oriented faces of these ravines. The subcanopy is dominated by <i>Magnolia tripetala</i>, and the herb layer is diverse and moderate in cover with species such as <i>Actaea racemosa, Polystichum acrostichoides, Tiarella cordifolia</i>, and <i>Circaea lutetiana</i>. In addition, indicators of rich, somewhat basic soil, usually associated with the coves of the southern Appalachians 60 miles to the west, are present. These include species such as <i>Phegopteris hexagonoptera, Collinsonia canadensis, Eurybia divaricata, Oxalis violacea, Adiantum pedatum, Cercis canadensis, Luzula</i> spp., and <i>Corylus</i> sp. As with CEGL007232, this community is differentiated from non-basic oak-hickory forests by lacking such species as <i>Quercus falcata, Quercus coccinea</i>, and <i>Oxydendrum arboreum</i>. |
Comm #4704
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Salsola spp. Ruderal Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32853-{EAA4084A-98BB-4032-B8DD-AC04C9A57640}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This herbaceous association is widespread on disturbed areas in semi-arid regions of the interior western U.S. Vegetation is dominated by exotic annual weedy species, especially <i>Salsola tragus</i> and, less frequently, other species such as <i>Salsola collina, Salsola kali</i>, or <i>Salsola paulsenii</i>. Scattered native shrubs may be present, including <i>Atriplex canescens, Atriplex confertifolia, Ephedra torreyana, Krascheninnikovia lanata, Ericameria nauseosa, Opuntia polyacantha, Opuntia phaeacantha, Sarcobatus vermiculatus</i>, and <i>Sclerocactus whipplei</i>. Remnant native herbaceous species contribute little cover but are usually present; <i>Sporobolus cryptandrus, Achnatherum hymenoides, Pleuraphis jamesii, Sporobolus airoides, Cryptantha</i> sp., <i>Sphaeralcea coccinea, Plantago patagonica, Cleome lutea, Ambrosia acanthicarpa, Eriogonum inflatum</i>, and <i>Lappula occidentalis</i> were recorded in sampled plots. <i>Bromus tectorum</i> generally has significant cover. Some areas with fine-textured soils lack biological soil crusts, but sandy sites can have as much as 60% cover. This herbaceous association occurs on floodplains, canyon bottoms, playas, and on active sand dunes. Sites are on flat to steep slopes. Sand or bare soil covers most of the unvegetated surface, although some sites have moderate cover of litter representing the previous crop of annual weeds. Biological soil crusts provide sparse to moderate cover depending on whether the site is being grazed or otherwise disturbed. Soils are moderately well-drained to rapidly drained sands, silt loams, or clays derived from alluvium. |
Comm #4705
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Scirpus cyperinus - Dulichium arundinaceum / Sphagnum spp. Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32978-{94605569-0B2A-4D1F-B8E8-B16DC4949B52}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This community includes emergent zones in upland depression ponds of the mountains of North Carolina and adjacent states, where water is ponded by an impermeable substrate. It has a pronounced seasonal fluctuation in water level, filling in the winter and often drying completely in the summer. It is extremely rare, known only from very few scattered sites in Burke and Buncombe counties, North Carolina. This community includes a variety of shrub- and herb-dominated upland wetlands with very different substrates. Herbaceous vegetation occurs in monospecific clumps, with <i>Sphagnum</i> mats, and scattered shrubs and trees around the margins. Typical dominants are <i>Scirpus cyperinus, Dulichium arundinaceum, Juncus effusus var. solutus</i>, and <i>Juncus canadensis</i>. Other species include <i>Bartonia virginica, Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, Sphagnum lescurii, Sphagnum pylaesii, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum palustre</i>, and <i>Sphagnum recurvum</i>. Sparsely distributed trees may include <i>Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus phellos, Acer rubrum</i>, and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>. Shrubs include <i>Cephalanthus occidentalis, Vaccinium</i> spp., and <i>Eubotrys racemosa</i>. |
Comm #4706
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Spartina alterniflora - Juncus roemerianus - Distichlis spicata Louisianian Zone Tidal Salt Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33032-{3A49E1D9-D70E-4675-BADD-636F5B9A7B38}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This salt marsh community occurs along the Gulf Coast from Florida to Texas. It is the major salt marsh type of coastal Louisiana, occurring in Gulf-fringing areas, mostly flanking large bays. It is mainly found in the Deltaic Plain but is also present in the Chenier Plain, principally as a narrow band of marsh behind coastal dunes. Species richness is characteristically quite low. This marsh is usually strongly dominated by <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>. In the Deltaic Plain of Louisiana, <i>Juncus roemerianus</i> may be present as a component or in localized monospecific patches of a marsh otherwise dominated by <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>. In the Chenier Plain of Louisiana, the type is codominated by <i>Distichlis spicata</i> and <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>. In the central and upper coast of Texas, this marsh is usually limited in extent to the bay side of barrier islands and narrow bands along mainland shores and tidal guts. Other common species include <i>Spartina patens, Vigna luteola, Schoenoplectus americanus, Phragmites australis, Sagittaria platyphylla, Polygonum</i> spp., <i>Batis maritima, Baccharis halimifolia</i>, and <i>Cyperus</i> spp. <i>Bolboschoenus robustus</i> sometimes occurs as a local, patchy or zonal dominant and codominant. |
Comm #4707
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Pinus taeda - Quercus (alba, falcata, stellata) Piedmont Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33070-{72987858-7E61-4616-8C58-47FA367C6CE7}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This association represents mixed loblolly pine - oak forests for the eastern and interior portions of the alliance's range, particularly the southern Piedmont from the Carolinas to Georgia, as well as the adjacent Cumberlands / Southern Ridge and Valley of southern Tennessee where <i>Pinus taeda</i> is native. In parts of the prescribed range, this association could represent semi-natural stands of <i>Pinus taeda</i> mixed with <i>Quercus</i> spp. that develop from <i>Pinus taeda</i> plantations that have aged sufficiently to lose the pure pine character and developed more of a hardwood component. Stands of this mixed oak-pine upland forest association are dominated by a combination of various oaks and other hardwoods with <i>Pinus</i> spp. <i>Pinus taeda</i> or <i>Pinus virginiana</i> are usually present or codominant, being generally less abundant in more mature stands. <i>Quercus falcata</i> is characteristic, but other oaks are also present including <i>Quercus alba, Quercus stellata, Quercus velutina, Quercus coccinea, Quercus marilandica</i>, and <i>Quercus phellos</i>, along with <i>Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica, Pinus echinata</i>, and <i>Quercus nigra</i>. The subcanopy may include <i>Acer rubrum, Carya tomentosa, Carya glabra, Cornus florida, Oxydendrum arboreum</i>, and <i>Prunus serotina</i>, as well as smaller oaks, particularly <i>Quercus velutina</i>. The shrub layers may include <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> and <i>Vaccinium</i> spp. with <i>Asimina parviflora, Cercis canadensis, Cornus florida, Diospyros virginiana, Euonymus americanus, Sassafras albidum, Toxicodendron radicans, Vaccinium pallidum</i>, and <i>Viburnum acerifolium</i>. |
Comm #4708
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Nuphar sagittifolia - Eriocaulon aquaticum Lakeshore Aquatic Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33130-{6BE3B2BA-048B-41A7-9710-37412FB77E1E}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This association occurs in permanently flooded areas around the shores of Lake Waccamaw, a large, shallow, calcareous Coastal Plain lake. <i>Nuphar sagittifolia</i> forms open to moderately dense floating beds on the surface. <i>Eriocaulon aquaticum</i> and <i>Sagittaria isoetiformis</i> occur as sparse emergents. Generally no other vascular plants are present. |
Comm #4709
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Hydrocotyle ranunculoides - (Sacciolepis striata) Floating Aquatic Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33138-{EF5597D7-B269-4E8D-8208-BEF040532B4E}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This community occurs on the quiet edges and backwaters of blackwater and possibly brownwater Coastal Plain rivers, where it forms floating mats over shallow to deep water. Vegetation is dominated by <i>Hydrocotyle ranunculoides</i>. <i>Sacciolepis striata</i> sometimes dominates later in the growing season. <i>Alternanthera philoxeroides</i> often invades this community. When this occurs, <i>Hydrocotyle</i> tends to dominate in the early spring and <i>Alternanthera</i> in the later spring and summer. |
Comm #4710
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Sphagnum cuspidatum Peat Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33175-{FE33D85E-23B2-4642-94D1-C621401331EF}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
1
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This vegetation occurs in depressions with coarse, acidic, Atlantic Coastal Plain sands and is dominated by aquatic mats of <i>Sphagnum cuspidatum</i>. Vascular plants are typically absent, or represented by very limited occurrence of <i>Utricularia</i> spp. These communities generally have surface water for most or all of the winter, and then dry down variably during the growing season. <i>Sphagnum cuspidatum</i> is usually stranded as bleached remnants by early autumn. |
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