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Add/Drop	Name	Reference	Plots↓	Description
Comm #4721	Acer spicatum - Thuja occidentalis - Betula papyrifera / Taxus canadensis Alkaline Cliff Scrub » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34014-{6A817DE9-BFAC-4967-9D67-7996D586D813}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This boreal and Laurentian cliff forest is found in the eastern boreal regions and Laurentian regions of Canada and United States. At Isle Royale National Park in Michigan, this community occupies sites on very steep talus slopes or cliffs, typically facing northwest, and thus is relatively moist. Bedrock is igneous/metamorphic and may be either granite or basalt/diabase, and is circumneutral to somewhat alkaline. The vegetation forms a closed canopy forested scrub, with about 80% canopy cover. <i>Acer spicatum</i> is dominant in the canopy, with over 50% cover; other tree species present include <i>Thuja occidentalis, Betula papyrifera</i>, and <i>Picea glauca</i>. There is about 30% cover of short shrubs; <i>Taxus canadensis</i> and <i>Rubus parviflorus</i> are the most abundant shrubs. Cover of herbs is about 30%; the most abundant herbs are <i>Gymnocarpium dryopteris</i> and <i>Mitella nuda</i>. Cover of nonvascular plants is about 20%; <i>Pleurozium schreberi</i> is a common moss.
Comm #4722	Euphorbia esula Ruderal Forbland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34031-{C761C76A-DFE9-4040-8EDB-D4B2BC18166A}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This leafy spurge type is widely naturalized in the northern United States and Canada. Stands occur in fields, roadsides, stream valleys, open woodlands, waste places and native prairie on a variety of soils. Other weedy species may occur as well, but native species are generally less than 10% cover. Native species may include mixed-grass prairie grasses, such as <i>Pascopyrum smithii</i> and <i>Hesperostipa comata</i>, as well as others. This type is a serious pest of rangeland, since it is unpalatable to cattle. Where native species are conspicuous enough to identify the native plant association that could occupy the site, the stand should be typed as such.
Comm #4723	Chamaedaphne calyculata / Carex oligosperma / Sphagnum spp. Poor Fen » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34040-{30896824-2D06-46A3-AD75-B65B04B371E5}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This dwarf-shrub poor fen community is found in the northern Great Lakes region and across much of central Canada. Sites are found on peatlands with low exposure to mineral-rich groundwater, including basin fens, shores above the level of seasonal flooding, and margins of larger peatlands. Stands have a saturated hydrology with a fibric <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. peat soil and a pH usually &lt;4.5. Vegetation is dominated by an open dwarf-shrub/scrub conifer layer with very scattered trees (&lt;10% cover). Microtopography is high to intermediate hummocks with hollows or a flat lawn of <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. Ericaceous dwarf-shrubs are dominant, including <i>Chamaedaphne calyculata, Kalmia polifolia</i>, and <i>Ledum groenlandicum</i>, and the creeping dwarf-shrubs <i>Andromeda polifolia</i> and <i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i>. <i>Betula pumila</i> has low cover but is fairly constant. Scrub conifers include <i>Larix laricina</i> and <i>Picea mariana</i>. They also occur as scattered trees (&gt;3 m). The herb layer is species-poor, containing <i>Carex oligosperma, Carex limosa, Equisetum fluviatile, Menyanthes trifoliata, Sarracenia purpurea</i>, and <i>Scheuchzeria palustris</i>. The moss layer forms a continuous hummocky mat dominated by <i>Sphagnum angustifolium, Sphagnum fuscum</i>, and <i>Sphagnum magellanicum</i>. Diagnostic features include the dominance of a dwarf-shrub ericaceous layer, absence of a tree layer (&lt;10%), species-poor herbaceous layer, and a low abundance of minerotrophic indicators, such as <i>Betula pumila, Carex aquatilis</i> and <i>Carex stricta</i>.
Comm #4724	Penstemon hirsutus Sparse Vegetation » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35164-{B92E405F-7B0A-49BF-A47A-EF7963200E09}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This association is known from central New England and New York state south to northern New Jersey and Pennsylvania. It consists of sparse, mostly herbaceous vegetation occurring on harsh, steep, unstable shale talus and cliffs. Heat, drought and lack of soil development prevent the establishment of many species and limit the community to small crevice-rooting plants such as <i>Woodsia obtusa, Woodsia ilvensis, Penstemon hirsutus, Geranium robertianum, Cyperus lupulinus, Schizachyrium scoparium, Dichanthelium linearifolium</i>, and <i>Carex pensylvanica</i>. Scrubby <i>Juniperus virginiana</i> is also typical of this community.
Comm #4725	Lemna spp. Eastern North American Aquatic Vegetation » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34210-{3A126107-D9DC-47D3-9C2B-2CC85412B6B0}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This aquatic association of floating vegetation is known to occur throughout temperate eastern North America. <i>Lemna</i> spp. typically dominate but may be mixed with other plant taxa floating on the water surface. <i>Lemna</i>-dominated aquatic vegetation occupies wetlands that are permanently, semipermanently or seasonally flooded. These small plants may float on the water's surface or become stranded and possibly rooted during drawdown periods. Water chemistry is fresh. The standing water habitat is relatively shallow, generally less than 2-4 m (6.6-13.1 feet) and occurs as ponds, lakes, ditches, stock ponds, and backwater sloughs of river and stream channels. Standing water for much or most of the growing season is characteristic. Depth of the water is of no consequence to floating plants; they occur where the wind pushes them. The composition of examples varies across this wide distributional range. <i>Lemna</i> taxa that may be present in eastern North America include <i>Lemna aequinoctialis</i> (southwest U.S. as well as southeast U.S.), <i>Lemna minor</i> (widespread across temperate North America), <i>Lemna minuta</i> (widespread across southern U.S.), <i>Lemna obscura</i> (eastern-southeastern U.S.), <i>Lemna perpusilla</i> (eastern U.S.), <i>Lemna trisulca</i> (widespread temperate and boreal, but not southeast U.S.), <i>Lemna turionifera</i> (widespread temperate and boreal, but not southeast U.S.), and <i>Lemna valdiviana</i> (southeast U.S., and spotty in the southwest U.S.). Other species present may include <i>Spirodela polyrrhiza</i> (widespread temperate U.S.), <i>Landoltia punctata</i> (southeastern U.S.), <i>Azolla microphylla, Azolla filiculoides, Wolffiella lingulata</i> (rare), <i>Wolffiella oblonga</i> (extreme southwest and southeast U.S.), <i>Wolffiella gladiata</i> (southeast coastal plain), <i>Wolffia brasiliensis</i> (eastern temperate U.S.), <i>Wolffia borealis</i> (west coast temperate and eastern temperate U.S., but not coastal plain), <i>Wolffia globosa</i> (eastern temperate U.S.), and <i>Wolffia columbiana</i> (eastern temperate U.S.), as well as <i>Riccia</i> spp. (aquatic liverworts). Associated rooted floating aquatics include <i>Potamogeton</i> spp., <i>Sagittaria</i> spp., or <i>Polygonum</i> spp. may also be present s. While these latter species are rooted submerged species, and technically not part of the strictly floating community, they do intermingle. Biomass can be abundant under eutrophic conditions.
Comm #4726	Eragrostis hypnoides - Ludwigia sphaerocarpa - Polygonum hydropiperoides Marsh » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35229-{65C645B0-5E35-4930-8CB5-55892514E6BF}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This seasonally flooded, depressional wetland of the central Atlantic Coastal Plain occupies the lowest portion of the basin and is flooded for the longest period relative to adjacent vegetation zones. In years of high rainfall resulting in incomplete drawdown, many species of this association persist in the seedbank below standing water. The substrate is an organic layer over black clay loam. The vegetation is dominated by small-statured herbs, including <i>Eragrostis hypnoides, Hottonia inflata, Polygonum hydropiperoides, Polygonum amphibium, Ludwigia sphaerocarpa, Oldenlandia uniflora, Cyperus strigosus, Bidens frondosa, Bidens discoidea, Fimbristylis perpusilla, Fimbristylis autumnalis</i>, and <i>Juncus pelocarpus</i>. Other species of taller stature may be present, including seedlings or small saplings of <i>Cephalanthus occidentalis</i> and herbaceous species <i>Panicum rigidulum, Carex striata, Carex gigantea</i>, and <i>Torreyochloa</i> sp.
Comm #4727	Morella cerifera - Baccharis halimifolia / Eleocharis fallax Tidal Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35275-{BA428E55-933B-45F2-9502-A226055D7158}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This is an oligohaline tidal shrubland of brackish tidal waters in Mid-Atlantic on firm, partially decomposed peat lacking pronounced hummock-and-hollow microtopography. This vegetation forms linear stands along tidal channels between freshwater tidal marshes and adjacent swamp forests. The shrub canopy is relatively open to moderately dense and is dominated by <i>Morella cerifera</i>. <i>Baccharis halimifolia</i> is a common associate; others include <i>Acer rubrum</i> and <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i>. The herbaceous layer is relatively diverse and characterized by <i>Eleocharis fallax, Eleocharis rostellata, Kosteletzkya virginica, Hibiscus moscheutos, Typha angustifolia, Polygonum punctatum, Cyperus filicinus, Panicum virgatum, Schoenoplectus americanus, Schoenoplectus pungens, Amaranthus cannabinus, Hydrocotyle verticillata, Pluchea odorata, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens, Setaria parviflora, Lythrum lineare, Asclepias incarnata, Ptilimnium capillaceum</i>, and <i>Carex hormathodes</i>.
Comm #4728	Stuckenia pectinata - Potamogeton perfoliatus - (Zannichellia palustris) Tidal Marsh » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34678-{576259E7-63A3-4F4A-A527-DA56C7346288}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This type includes vegetation of shallow subtidal fresh to slightly brackish water and mud or sand sediments exposed at extreme low tide occurring along the mid- and north Atlantic coast. Common and dominant species include <i>Stuckenia pectinata, Zannichellia palustris, Vallisneria americana, Najas guadalupensis, Elodea nuttallii</i>, and <i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i>. <i>Ruppia maritima</i> may occur sporadically, but it is more prevalent in brackish and saline habitats. Invasive exotics often occur in this habitat, including <i>Myriophyllum spicatum</i> and <i>Trapa natans</i>. This association grades almost imperceptibly into brackish/saline aquatic bed vegetation.
Comm #4729	Acer saccharinum - Ulmus americana / Physocarpus opulifolius Floodplain Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34692-{E514D8A5-13B4-41FF-842D-E75DD003FD1A}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	This freely drained floodplain forest of mineral soils of smaller rivers of the mid-Atlantic is characterized by winter flooding and mineral soils, often groundwater-influenced. This community is composed of diverse tree, shrub, and herb layers. In the Central Appalachians these are closed-canopy deciduous floodplain forests characterized by <i>Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum</i>, and <i>Ulmus americana</i>. Associates include <i>Carpinus caroliniana, Carya cordiformis, Tilia americana, Juglans nigra, Juglans cinerea, Fraxinus americana, Populus deltoides, Platanus occidentalis, Quercus rubra</i>. Shrubs, vines and herbs are often abundant and include <i>Lindera benzoin, Cornus amomum, Boehmeria cylindrica, Toxicodendron radicans, Onoclea sensibilis</i>, and <i>Urtica</i> spp.
Comm #4730	Acer saccharum - Quercus rubra / Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34696-{152EF201-497D-4E43-BC17-DA504ED9AB35}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	1	These are forests of well-drained to moist sites and often found on very rocky slopes. They are currently described from central and southern New England, extending to adjacent Canada and south to New Jersey. <i>Fraxinus americana</i> and <i>Acer saccharum</i> are common in the tree canopy, with <i>Quercus rubra, Carya ovata, Carya glabra, Carya ovalis, Quercus velutina, Tilia americana, Betula lenta</i>, and <i>Quercus alba</i> as associates. <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> can be occasional. <i>Ostrya virginiana</i> and <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i> can form a prominent subcanopy. The shrub layer includes <i>Hamamelis virginiana, Viburnum acerifolium, Viburnum recognitum, Cornus florida, Corylus cornuta</i>, and <i>Lindera benzoin</i>. The herb layer is often quite diverse with <i>Carex platyphylla, Carex pedunculata, Carex blanda, Carex laxiflora, Actaea rubra, Polygonatum pubescens, Phegopteris hexagonoptera, Viola rotundifolia, Thalictrum dioicum, Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa, Thalictrum thalictroides, Festuca subverticillata, Actaea pachypoda, Viola sororia, Arabis</i> spp., <i>Packera obovata</i>, and <i>Arisaema triphyllum</i>.