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Comm #4931	NY Heritage: Red maple-sweetgum swamp » more details accession code: VB.CC.28747.NYHERITAGEREDMA	Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed.	1	A hardwood swamp that occurs on somewhat poorly drained seasonally wet flats, usually on somewhat acidic gleyed to mottled clay loam or sandy loam. Red maple-sweetgum swamps often occur as a mosaic with upland forest communities. Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) is often the dominant tree or may be codominant with red maple (Acer rubrum). Other codominant trees include pin oak (Quercus palustris) and black gum (Nyssa sylvatica). Other trees occurring at lower densities include swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor), red oak (Quercus rubra) and black ash (Fraxinus nigra). Willow oak (Quercus phellos) and sweet-bay (Magnolia virginiana) are often present in larger occurrences where they may occur at very low density. Trees often have buttressed trunks and exposed roots from hydrological influences. The shrub layer is usually fairly well-developed. Characteristic shrubs are sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia), swamp azalea (Rhododendron viscosum), arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum var. lucidum), spicebush (Lindera benzoin), highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) and possibly fetterbush (Leucothoe racemosa). Vines such as greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia), sawbrier (S. glauca), grape (Vitis spp.), Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) and poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), are present at low amounts in the understory. The herbaceous layer is often dominated by ferns, including netted chain fern (Woodwardia aereolata), cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), and sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis). Characteristic herbs include lizard's-tail (Saururus cernuus), Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense), jumpseed (Polygonum virginianum), skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) and jewelweed (Impatiens capensis). State-reported southern red oak (Quercus falcata) and state-extirpated mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens) occur in this community south of New York and may have been historically present in this community in New York. Some occurrences of this community are now severely degraded. More data on characteristic fauna are needed.
Comm #4932	Cephalanthus occidentalis » more details accession code: VB.cc.38259.CEPHALANTHUSOCC NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED	CDFW Natural Communities List	1
Comm #4933	NY Heritage: Coastal oak-hickory forest » more details accession code: VB.CC.28869.NYHERITAGECOAST	Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed.	1	A hardwood forest with oaks (Quercus spp.) and hickories(Carya spp.) codominant that occurs in dry well-drained, loamy sand of knolls, upper slopes, or south-facing slopes of glacial moraines of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The forest is usually codominated by two or more species of oaks, usually white oak (Q. alba), black oak (Quercus velutina) and chestnut oak (Q. montana). Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea) is also a common associate. Mixed with the oaks, usually at moderate densities, are one or more of the following hickories: pignut (Carya glabra), mockernut (C. tomentosa), and sweet pignut (C. ovalis). These hickories can range from nearly pure stands to as little as about 25% cover. There is typically a subcanopy stratum of small trees and tall shrubs including flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). The shrublayer and groundlayer flora may be diverse. Common low shrubs include maple-leaf viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium), blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium, V. pallidum) and black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata). Characteristic groundlayer herbs are Swan's sedge (Carex swanii), panic grass (Panicum dichotomum), poverty grass (Danthonia spicata), cow-wheat (Melampyrum lineare), spotted wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata), rattlesnake weed (Hieracium venosum), white wood aster (Aster divaricatus), false Solomon's seal (Maianthemum racemosum), Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica), and white goldenrod (Solidago bicolor).
Comm #4934	NY Heritage: Appalachian oak-pine forest » more details accession code: VB.CC.28989.NYHERITAGEAPPAL	Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed.	1	A mixed forest that occurs on sandy soils, sandy ravines in pine barrens, or on slopes with rocky soils that are well-drained. The canopy is dominated by a mixture of oaks and pines. The oaks include one or more of the following: black oak (Quercus velutina), chestnut oak (Q. montana), red oak (Q. rubra), white oak (Q. alba), and scarlet oak (Q. coccinea). The pines are either white pine (Pinus strobus) or pitch pine (P. rigida); in some stands both pines are present, but white pine should be greater than pitch pine. Red maple (Acer rubrum), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), and black cherry (Prunus serotina) are common associates occurring at low densities. The shrublayer is predominantly ericaceous, usually with blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium, V. pallidum) and black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata). The groundlayer is relatively sparse, and species diversity is low. Although Appalachian oak-pine forest currently includes white pine forests of the Coastal Lowlands, the latter may be distinctive enough to be designated as "coastal white pine-oak forest." Appalachian oak-pine forest would be distinguished from a "coastal white pine-oak forest" by the presence of bedrock and large rocks (instead of sand and gravel), and by the presence and dominance of red oak instead of dominance by scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea) with red oak lacking. More data on the coastal variant and characteristic animals are needed.
Comm #4935	NY Heritage: Red maple-black gum swamp » more details accession code: VB.CC.28721.NYHERITAGEREDMA	Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed.	1	A maritime, coastal, or inland hardwood swamp that occurs in poorly drained depressions, sometimes in a narrow band between a stream and upland. Coastal plain examples have a shallow layer of acidic, well decomposed peat over saturated sandy loam or loamy sand. Inland examples usually occur on an acidic silt loam. Hummock-hollow microtopography is evident. Red maple (Acer rubrum) and black gum (Nyssa sylvatica) are often codominant or black gum (Nyssa sylvatica) may be the dominant tree. Pitch pine (Pinus rigida) may occur on drier hummock islands in pine barrens settings. The shrub layer is usually well developed. Characteristic shrubs are sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia), highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), swamp azalea (Rhododendron viscosum), fetterbush (Leucothoe racemosa), dangleberry (Gaylussacia frondosa), and on the Atlantic coastal plain inkberry (Ilex glabra). Vines such as greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia), sawbrier (Smilax glauca), Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), and poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) are present in the understory. The herbaceous layer is not particularly diverse, characterized by cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus), and on the Atlantic coastal plain by netted chain fern (Woodwardia areolata). The nonvascular layer may or may not be well developed. Characteristic nonvascular species are Sphagnum spp. with S. girghensonii occurring in more inland examples. More data may support the future recognition of inland and coastal plain variants of this community. More data on characteristic fauna are needed.
Comm #4936	NY Heritage: Calcareous talus slope woodland » more details accession code: VB.CC.28597.NYHERITAGECALCA	Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed.	1	An open or closed canopy community that occurs on talus slopes composed of calcareous bedrock such as limestone or dolomite. The soils are usually moist and loamy; there may be numerous rock outcrops. Characteristic trees include sugar maple (Acer saccharum), white ash (Fraxinus americana), hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), basswood (Tilia americana), slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) and butternut (Juglans cinerea). Shrubs may be abundant if the canopy is open; characteristic shrubs include round-leaf dogwood (Cornus rugosa), downy arrowwood (Viburnum rafinesquianum), prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum), and bladdernut (Staphylea trifolia). Common vines include bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), and climbing fumitory (Adlumia fungosa). Herbaceous vegetation may be quite diverse; characteristic species include bulblet fern (Cystopteris bulbifera), lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina var. asplenioides), oak fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris), bottlebrush grass (Elymus hystrix), herb robert (Geranium robertianum), Solomon's-seal (Polygonatum pubescens), wild ginger (Asarum canadense), white baneberry (Actaea pachypoda), early meadow-rue (Thalictrum dioicum), bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), blue-stem goldenrod (Solidago caesia), blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides), lyre-leaved rock cress (Arabis lyrata), white wood aster (Aster divaricatus) and ricegrass (Oryzopsis racemosa). Rock outcrops may have ferns such as walking fern (Asplenium rhizophyllum) and maidenhair spleenwort (Asplenium trichomanes). Bryophytes on wet forested talus can include Hylocomium splendens. Physiognomic variants range from northern white cedar-dominated to hardwood-dominated forest to non-vegetated talus.
Comm #4937	NY Heritage: Maritime freshwater interdunal swales » more details accession code: VB.CC.28557.NYHERITAGEMARIT	Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed.	1	A mosaic of wetlands that occur in low areas between dunes along the Atlantic coast; the low areas or swales are formed either by blowouts in the dunes that lower the soil surface to groundwater level, or by the seaward extension of dune fields. Soils are either sand or peaty sand; water levels fluctuate seasonally and annually, reflecting changes in groundwater levels. The dominant species are sedges and herbs; low shrubs are usually present, but they are never dominant. These wetlands may be quite small (less than 0.25 acre or 0.1 ha); species diversity is usually low. The composition may be quite variable between different interdunal swales. Characteristic species include twig-rush (Cladium mariscoides), flat sedges (Cyperus spp.), beakrush (Rhynchospora capitellata), marsh rush (Juncus canadensis), round-leaf sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), threadleaf sundew (D. filiformis), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), stiff yellow flax (Linum striatum), bladderwort (Utricularia subulata), slender yellow-eyed grass (Xyris torta), bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica), sweet gale (M. gale), and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). Data on characteristic animals are needed. The name of this community was changed from "maritime interdunal swales" (Reschke 1990) to distinguish this community from brackish interdunal swales. The term "maritime" is kept to distinguish this community from interdunal swales in the Great Lakes region.
Comm #4938	NY Heritage: Maritime pitch pine dune woodland » more details accession code: VB.CC.28559.NYHERITAGEMARIT	Ecological Communities of New York, 2nd Ed.	1	A maritime woodland that occurs on stabilized parabolic dunes. The substrate is wind and wave deposited sand that is usually excessively well-drained and nutrient poor. The litter layer is shallow. The community is subject to high winds, sand-blasting, salt spray, and shifting substrate. Trees are stunted (10-12 m high) and salt pruned. The canopy is sparse with some openings. Pitch pine (Pinus rigida) is the dominant tree and may have lower branches that grow out horizontally like aprons. Tree oaks including black oak (Quercus velutina), white oak (Quercus alba) and post oak (Quercus stellata) may also occur and can be codominant with pitch pine in more developed examples. The shrub layer is usually well developed. Characteristic shrubs are bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), black huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata), highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), beach heather (Hudsonia tomentosa), bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica), and scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia). The vine layer is often well developed. Characteristic vines are greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia) and poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans). The herbaceous layer is dominated by hairgrass (Deschampsia flexuosa). Other characteristic herbaceous species include Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), starflower (Trientalis borealis), panic grass (Panicum spp.), jointweed (Polygonella articulata), and pine barren sandwort (Minuartia caroliniana). The non-vascular layer is often well developed. Characteristic species are Cladonia uncialis, Cladina rangiferina, Cladina arbuscula, Geaster hygrometricus, Leucobryum glaucum, Polytricum juniperinum, and Tortella tortuosa.
Comm #4939	LYCIUM SHOCKLEYI DWARF-SHRUBLAND ALLIANCE » more details accession code: VB.cc.30130.LYCIUMSHOCKLEYI	NVC 2004	1
Comm #4940	Achnatherum nelsonii Herbaceous Alliance » more details accession code: VB.cc.30599.ACHNATHERUMNELS	NVC 2004	1