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Reference
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Description |
Comm #501
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Schoenoplectus acutus Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30749-{F29D375D-EA2D-4805-8411-4FF3FCB368F7}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
38
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This association is a common emergent herbaceous wetland found mostly in the interior western U.S. ranging from the Puget Sound of Washington to Montana south to California, Nevada and Utah. Stands occur along low-gradient, meandering, usually perennial streams, river floodplain basins, and around the margins of ponds and shallow lakes especially in backwater areas. Some sites are flooded most of the year with about 1 m of fresh to somewhat saline or alkaline water. Other sites, however, dry up enough in late summer to where the water table drops below the ground surface, though the soils are still partially saturated. Soils are generally deep, organic, alkaline, poorly drained and fine-textured, but range in soil textures from sand to clay to organic muck. The soils may be normal or saline. Vegetation is characterized by a dense tall herbaceous vegetation layer 1-3 m tall that is dominated by <i>Schoenoplectus acutus</i>, often occurring as a near monoculture. Associated species include low cover of <i>Mentha arvensis, Polygonum amphibium, Sagittaria latifolia</i>, and species of <i>Carex, Eleocharis, Rumex</i>, and <i>Typha</i>. Early in the growing season or at permanently flooded sites, aquatic species such as <i>Potamogeton</i> spp. and <i>Lemna minor</i> may be present to abundant. Stands of this association contain no tree or shrub layer, but a few sites have been invaded by the introduced shrub <i>Tamarix</i> spp. |
Comm #502
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Juncus roemerianus Salt Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33028-{5CFDCD6F-9C99-453C-AF02-5E88C44BC714}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
38
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This broad-ranging <i>Juncus roemerianus</i> salt marsh community is characterized by discrete, dense patches usually strongly dominated by <i>Juncus roemerianus</i>, often with few other associates, or with low cover of <i>Distichlis spicata, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens</i>, and <i>Limonium carolinianum</i>. As currently defined, this community occurs in a variety of settings in different marsh regions including both "high" and "low" marshes. For example, large expanses of this type are found in northwest Florida at or below the mean high water line. In other regions it may be found as isolated patches within high salt marsh, or may dominate vast areas at the heads of tidal creeks. In general, the prevalence of <i>Juncus roemerianus</i> in Florida indicates the prevalence of high marshes (above mean high water). Its hydrology is generally irregularly tidally flooded. |
Comm #503
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Pinus palustris - Pinus serotina / Ctenium aromaticum - Muhlenbergia expansa - Rhynchospora latifolia Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32532-{CBFC5BBA-498B-4949-B969-617180A3014C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
38
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This association is a saturated longleaf pine - pond pine woodland which is found on wet Ultisols of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The open canopy is dominated by a mixture of <i>Pinus palustris</i> and <i>Pinus serotina</i>. The shrub layer is sparse to absent. Some characteristic components of the herbaceous stratum include <i>Ctenium aromaticum, Muhlenbergia expansa</i>, and <i>Rhynchospora latifolia</i>. |
Comm #504
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Platanus occidentalis - Liquidambar styraciflua / Carpinus caroliniana - Asimina triloba Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35590-{A8AC6B8F-A9CA-43CA-B07D-F71111D1AF2A}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
38
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This forest, dominated by <i>Platanus occidentalis</i> and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, occurs on small to medium-sized streams and on larger streams on active first bottoms and possibly on levees where flooding may be frequent but is of short duration. The community occurs in the Interior Low Plateau, the Cumberlands, Ridge and Valley, and adjacent provinces of Tennessee and Kentucky, and possibly Alabama and Georgia. Other trees present can include <i>Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus phellos, Celtis occidentalis, Juglans nigra, Fraxinus</i> spp., and <i>Ulmus</i> spp. Other woody species common to this community include <i>Carpinus caroliniana, Aesculus sylvatica, Cornus florida, Alnus serrulata, Fraxinus americana, Acer rubrum, Asimina triloba, Toxicodendron radicans, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Ulmus americana, Fagus grandifolia</i>, and <i>Euonymus americanus</i>. In addition, <i>Arundinaria gigantea</i> may be present or even abundant. Herbaceous species that may be found include <i>Arisaema triphyllum, Sanicula canadensis, Saururus cernuus, Campanula divaricata, Laportea canadensis, Salvia lyrata, Chasmanthium latifolium, Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum, Viola sororia</i>, and <i>Carex crinita</i>. Because of repeated flooding, this community may remain on a site indefinitely. It develops from communities dominated by <i>Salix</i> spp. and <i>Populus</i> spp., and probably from others. |
Comm #505
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Quercus michauxii - Quercus pagoda / Clethra alnifolia - Leucothoe axillaris Wet Flatwoods Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35675-{7A1829D3-F614-4163-9FEC-13E9C53F90FE}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
38
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This forest occurs on extensive interstream flats with fine-textured mineral soils. Hydrology is seasonally to nearly permanently saturated, with occasional ponding, and is maintained by a high water table rather than riverine or estuarine flooding. This community generally occurs in association with large peatlands, for example in the Great Dismal Swamp of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The canopy is dominated by <i>Quercus michauxii, Quercus pagoda, Quercus laurifolia, Liquidambar styraciflua</i> (especially in logged examples), <i>Quercus nigra</i>, and <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> (on mesic microsites). Typical understory species are <i>Persea palustris, Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana, Asimina triloba, Ilex opaca var. opaca</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. The shrub layer is often dense and typically has species such as <i>Clethra alnifolia</i> and <i>Leucothoe axillaris</i> as dominants. <i>Vaccinium formosum, Itea virginica, Eubotrys racemosa, Sabal minor, Lindera benzoin var. benzoin</i>, and <i>Arundinaria tecta</i> are also often present. <i>Trillium pusillum var. virginianum</i> sometimes occurs in this community. |
Comm #506
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Liquidambar styraciflua - Quercus laurifolia - (Pinus taeda) / Arundinaria gigantea / Carex abscondita Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35920-{76AFC521-4315-48DD-A2C7-77A8F1C81431}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
38
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These forests occur on somewhat poorly drained to moderately well-drained silt loam soils of ridges of associated river floodplains in the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain. These are temporarily flooded sites with an annual probability of flooding of 100% but with the water table well below the soil surface throughout the growing season in most years. At the Congaree National Park (South Carolina), this community type occurs in two phases: one with an emergent canopy of large <i>Pinus taeda</i> trees, and the other without the emergent canopy. Coverage by <i>Pinus taeda</i> in the <i>Pinus taeda</i> phase ranges from 10% to greater than 60%. The closed canopy of stands of this type is codominated by <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> with <i>Quercus</i> spp., especially <i>Quercus nigra</i> and <i>Quercus laurifolia</i>, and possibly by <i>Quercus phellos</i>. Other species typical in this stratum include <i>Ulmus alata, Ulmus americana, Fraxinus americana, Quercus pagoda, Quercus michauxii, Quercus shumardii</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. The well-developed subcanopy is dominated by <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i> and <i>Ilex opaca</i>. Canopy species are present in this stratum as well, as are <i>Nyssa sylvatica, Ilex decidua, Diospyros virginiana, Celtis laevigata, Carya ovata, Morus rubra</i>, and likely other species. <i>Arundinaria gigantea</i> and <i>Asimina triloba</i> dominate the shrub stratum. The herbaceous layer ranges from moderate to fairly dense. Typical species include <i>Carex abscondita, Boehmeria cylindrica, Mitchella repens, Botrychium dissectum, Carex intumescens, Carex lupulina, Carex retroflexa, Asplenium platyneuron, Carex alata, Carex debilis, Ruellia caroliniensis, Elephantopus tomentosus, Leersia virginica, Dichanthelium boscii, Lobelia cardinalis, Sabatia angularis</i>, and others. This forest type is documented in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, but is possible in adjacent regions; global distribution needs assessment. |
Comm #507
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Quercus rubra - Acer saccharum / Ostrya virginiana / Cardamine concatenata Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36577-{650758A1-BA65-4335-8803-5E49D984483A}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
38
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This community type is currently known from the Ridge and Valley region of west-central and northwestern Virginia and adjacent Maryland, with a few outliers in the Piedmont of both states. It occupies submesic slopes with various aspects, broad crests, and occasionally high alluvial terraces at low and middle elevations. Elevation ranges from less than 300 to 1146 m (<1000-3760 feet). Middle slope positions are typical, but stands also occur on lower and upper slopes. This forest association occurs in small to large patches. <i>Acer saccharum, Quercus rubra</i>, and, to a lesser extent, <i>Carya</i> spp. are the dominant trees in closed-canopy stands. <i>Carya glabra</i> and <i>Carya ovata</i> are the two most frequent hickories, but <i>Carya cordiformis, Carya tomentosa</i>, and <i>Carya ovalis</i> are also present in some stands. <i>Fraxinus americana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus alba, Quercus montana, Quercus velutina, Fagus grandifolia, Quercus muehlenbergii</i>, and <i>Tilia americana</i> each attain importance in a subset of stands. Understory layers contain substantial reproduction of <i>Acer saccharum</i> and moderate representation of the other major canopy species. The shrub layer is usually very open, with much of its cover contributed by tree saplings; <i>Ostrya virginiana</i> is the most constant and abundant small tree/shrub, while <i>Cornus florida, Cercis canadensis</i>, and <i>Hamamelis virginiana</i> are more locally important understory species. Herbaceous growth is usually not lush and frequently exhibits patch-dominance by one to a few species. |
Comm #508
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Acer saccharum - Tilia americana / Asimina triloba / Jeffersonia diphylla - Caulophyllum thalictroides Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36479-{0D08FFFB-39BB-4C8F-9549-24BEC69C6B99}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
37
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This community type occurs on mesic lower slopes at low elevations, over nutrient-rich substrates in the Ridge and Valley, Cumberlands, Central Appalachians, and Piedmont. Soils may be derived from limestone, dolomite, shale, siltstone, and various metamorphic and igneous rocks. Rock outcrops and bouldery colluvium are often prominent, but the soils supporting this unit are apparently deep, dark, and very fertile, with high mean pH and Ca levels. Canopy composition is mixed and variable, but either <i>Acer saccharum var. saccharum</i> or <i>Acer nigrum</i>, or both, are consistently important and characteristic. <i>Carya cordiformis, Celtis occidentalis, Fraxinus americana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus muehlenbergii, Quercus rubra, Tilia americana</i>, and <i>Ulmus rubra</i> are frequent canopy associates. From the James River south, <i>Aesculus flava</i> is a frequent canopy associate. The most typical and abundant shrub layer species are <i>Asimina triloba</i> and <i>Lindera benzoin</i>, with shrub layers usually somewhat to very open (mean stratum cover = 35%). The herb layer is dense (>80% cover) and contains a number of leafy early-flowering species, among the most abundant of which are <i>Jeffersonia diphylla, Hydrophyllum canadense</i>, and <i>Caulophyllum thalictroides</i>. Somewhat more delicate spring ephemerals that are frequent to locally abundant include <i>Chaerophyllum procumbens var. procumbens, Delphinium tricorne, Dicentra canadensis, Dicentra cucullaria, Erigenia bulbosa, Erythronium americanum ssp. americanum, Floerkea proserpinacoides, Mertensia virginica, Phlox divaricata, Sanguinaria canadensis</i>, and <i>Trillium sessile</i>. Additional characteristic herbs are <i>Asarum canadense, Carex albursina, Carex jamesii, Cystopteris protrusa, Hydrophyllum virginianum, Impatiens pallida, Osmorhiza claytonii, Osmorhiza longistylis</i>, and <i>Viola pubescens var. scabriuscula</i>. |
Comm #509
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CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.CC.8711.CALAMAGROSTISCA
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Jennings 2003. Vegetation alliances: composition and function. |
37
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Comm #510
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Basin Big Sagebrush Shrub Herbaceous Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.29902.BASINBIGSAGEBRU
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NVC 2004 |
37
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