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Add/Drop	Name	Reference	Plots↓	Description
Comm #601	Populus angustifolia Temporarily Flooded Woodland Alliance » more details accession code: VB.cc.30786.POPULUSANGUSTIF	NVC 2004	32
Comm #602	Cephalanthus occidentalis / Carex spp. - Lemna spp. Southern Shrub Swamp » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31100-{BA31D20B-2496-4F27-BE18-C92EB10ABB08}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	32	This buttonbush shrubland occurs widely throughout the southeastern United States. Stands occupy shallow water depressions, oxbow ponds, beaver ponds, and backwater sloughs of stream and river floodplains. It also occurs in upland pond depressions. Inundation is usually continuous throughout the year, but these sites can become dry in mid or late summer or during periods of prolonged drought. In floodplain situations, soils are deep (1 m or more) consisting of peat or muck over alluvial parent material. <i>Cephalanthus occidentalis</i> comprises nearly 90% of the shrub layer in waters 1-2 m deep. Other shrubs commonly encountered may include <i>Cornus</i> sp. (<i>Cornus foemina</i> or <i>Cornus amomum</i> to the south and <i>Cornus sericea</i> to the north) and <i>Salix</i> spp. Sedges, including <i>Carex stipata, Carex stricta, Carex lurida</i>, and <i>Carex intumescens</i>, are the dominant herbaceous species present, although <i>Hibiscus</i> spp. can also form dense stands in shallower water. <i>Lemna</i> spp. and <i>Leersia oryzoides</i> are also common plants in this natural community. <i>Populus heterophylla</i> and <i>Nyssa biflora</i> or <i>Nyssa aquatica</i> may also occur within their range. Floristic characteristics that distinguish this type from more northern types are needed. This may occur as a long-persistent successional stage. This community can result from natural or artificial disturbance of hydrology.
Comm #603	Picea mariana - Populus tremuloides / Mixed Herbs Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31424-{E681A404-EF5A-41F5-A3F5-8FC2574FF930}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	32	This black spruce - aspen forest community type is found in the boreal regions of east-central Canada. Stands occur on flat to gently sloping sites with fresh to moist mineral soils. Soil texture is most often coarse loam, but can be clay, silt, or sand. In Ontario, this community often occurs on calcareous soil. The tree layer is dominated by a moderately closed to closed canopy of mixed coniferous and deciduous species. <i>Populus tremuloides</i> is the only common deciduous tree, but scattered <i>Betula papyrifera</i> and <i>Populus balsamifera</i> are also found. <i>Picea mariana</i> is the most abundant coniferous species, and often the most abundant canopy species. <i>Abies balsamea, Picea glauca</i>, and <i>Pinus banksiana</i> are typical associated conifers. The shrub layer ranges from open to dense. Species found in this layer include <i>Diervilla lonicera, Ledum groenlandicum, Linnaea borealis, Rosa acicularis, Rubus pubescens, Vaccinium angustifolium</i>, and <i>Vaccinium myrtilloides</i>. The herbaceous layer has great diversity. <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Eurybia macrophylla, Cornus canadensis, Coptis trifolia, Maianthemum canadense, Petasites frigidus, Trientalis borealis</i>, and <i>Viola renifolia</i> are common herbaceous species. Mosses also cover a substantial portion of the forest floor.
Comm #604	Populus angustifolia / Alnus incana Riparian Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31550-{177F90D6-3A17-47E4-BF24-FA733C4870F7}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	32	This plant association is found in narrow bands on the floodplains and benches of montane streams (1900-2700 m elevation) in Colorado and New Mexico, primarily in the southern Rocky Mountains. Stands occur on banks and benches along narrow streams with active floodplains in broad valleys and narrow canyons. These narrow streams may be higher gradient, fast-moving or low gradient, highly sinuous stream reaches. Substrates are typically deep sand or shaly sandy loam but may be stratified with finer-textured alluvial layers. The vegetation is characterized by a open to nearly closed deciduous tree canopy of <i>Populus angustifolia</i> with a dense layer of <i>Alnus incana</i> lining the streambank. <i>Populus angustifolia</i> is always present, although sometimes only as a sapling. A variety of riparian and upland tree species may also be present. <i>Alnus incana</i> is the most abundant shrub within the stand with a minimum of 10% cover. Other shrubs may include <i>Salix bebbiana, Salix monticola, Salix drummondiana, Salix ligulifolia, Salix lucida ssp. caudata, Salix exigua, Rosa woodsii, Rubus idaeus, Acer glabrum</i>, and <i>Betula occidentalis</i>. If present, <i>Cornus sericea</i> does not codominate. Herbaceous growth is generally a sparse mixture of mesic and wetland graminoids and forbs.
Comm #605	Kalmia latifolia - Rhododendron catawbiense - (Gaylussacia baccata, Pieris floribunda, Vaccinium corymbosum) Shrubland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32674-{BD4C6B6C-EF20-4891-92D2-71994E9FDBA6}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	32	This community occurs in the mountains of Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee, on ridges and steep, rocky slopes at intermediate elevations (1220-1524 m [4000-5000 feet]). It also occurs in very small patches at elevations higher than 1035 m (3400 feet) in the Cumberland Mountains along the Virginia-Kentucky border. It is a mostly evergreen shrubland, although deciduous shrubs may be present and even locally dominant. Shrubs form a dense, sometimes impenetrable thicket, 1-4 m tall. The most typical shrub dominants are <i>Kalmia latifolia</i> and <i>Rhododendron catawbiense</i>, although <i>Gaylussacia baccata, Leiophyllum buxifolium, Pieris floribunda, Rhododendron carolinianum, Rhododendron maximum</i>, and <i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> are dominant or have high coverage in some occurrences. Other shrubs include <i>Aronia melanocarpa, Clethra acuminata, Ilex montana, Vaccinium stamineum, Eubotrys recurva</i>, and <i>Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides</i>. Small openings in the shrub canopy are dominated by lichens, bare rock or herbs, with some occurrences having up to 60% exposed rock. Herb cover beneath the shrub canopy is absent or very sparse (&lt;5%) and may include <i>Galax urceolata, Gaultheria procumbens, Goodyera pubescens, Melampyrum lineare, Mitchella repens</i>, and <i>Pteridium aquilinum</i>. <i>Smilax rotundifolia</i> is a common vine. Small, scattered trees are possible (<i>Acer rubrum, Amelanchier laevis, Betula alleghaniensis, Ilex montana, Magnolia fraseri, Nyssa sylvatica, Oxydendrum arboreum, Picea rubens, Prunus pensylvanica, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Sorbus americana</i>) and may be more typical of shrublands resulting from intense fires on less exposed sites. Windfall, landslides, and small, localized, lightning-caused fires are important in the establishment and maintenance of these shrublands. This community can result from secondary succession after fire or logging or can occur as a topo-edaphic climax on steep or exposed sites.
Comm #606	Quercus alba - Carya tomentosa / Oxydendrum arboreum / Gaylussacia frondosa Coastal Plain Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33151-{9C7C012A-4CB4-41BE-83CD-D5A3478F78D1}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	32	This association is a dry-mesic oak-hickory forest of Coastal Plain bluffs, dissected slopes, and isolated ridges. The canopy has <i>Quercus alba</i> generally most abundant. <i>Carya tomentosa, Quercus velutina, Quercus rubra, Quercus nigra, Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera</i>, and <i>Pinus taeda</i> are frequent. The understory is dominated by varying combinations of <i>Oxydendrum arboreum, Cornus florida, Ilex opaca</i>, and <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i>, sometimes with <i>Persea palustris</i> or <i>Magnolia virginiana</i>, along with the canopy species. Frequent shrub species are <i>Gaylussacia frondosa, Symplocos tinctoria, Vaccinium stamineum, Vaccinium tenellum, Hamamelis virginiana</i>, and <i>Styrax americanus</i>. Other species include <i>Morella cerifera, Callicarpa americana</i>, and <i>Vaccinium arboreum</i>. Wetland species such as <i>Ilex glabra</i> or <i>Clethra alnifolia</i> are often present in small numbers. The herb layer is generally sparse, with <i>Chasmanthium laxum, Mitchella repens</i>, and <i>Hexastylis arifolia</i> the most frequent species.
Comm #607	Fagus grandifolia / Carex pensylvanica - Ageratina altissima var. roanensis Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34778-{6A9B3BC7-F49F-4459-B91F-F52841747F29}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	32	This community includes forest vegetation with short-statured canopies dominated by <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> and occurring in the high-elevation landscapes of the Southern Appalachians. On drier sites, such as south slopes, the association is expressed as the classic "beech gap "having a dense, graminoid-dominated herbaceous stratum. On more mesic sites, such as north slopes, the community is thought to be more similar to northern hardwood forests, having a more diverse canopy and subcanopy, occurring over a field stratum that is a mixture of coarse forbs, ferns and sedges. This forest association typically occurs on concave slopes, in gaps, flat ridgetops, or upper slopes of all aspects, at elevations of greater than 1370 m (4500 feet). It is found in scattered sites on high elevations of the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee and possibly Georgia. This community is a broad-leaved deciduous forest with a canopy dominated by stunted, sometimes gnarled <i>Fagus grandifolia</i>, sometimes with lesser amounts of <i>Halesia tetraptera var. monticola</i> or <i>Aesculus flava</i> and <i>Betula alleghaniensis</i>. The subcanopy, if present, may include small stems of canopy species as well as <i>Acer spicatum, Acer pensylvanicum, Amelanchier laevis</i>, and <i>Sorbus americana</i>. Typically there is little shrub development (0-10%) with such species as <i>Crataegus punctata, Ribes</i> spp., <i>Viburnum lantanoides, Rubus canadensis, Hydrangea arborescens</i>, and <i>Cornus alternifolia</i>. Herbaceous cover can vary from dense, often approaching 100% coverage by species of <i>Carex</i> including <i>Carex aestivalis, Carex brunnescens, Carex debilis, Carex intumescens</i>, and <i>Carex pensylvanica</i>, to moderately dense (40-60% cover) and dominated by large herbs and patches of ferns, with lesser amounts of sedges. Other herbaceous species in this community are typical of rich Southern Appalachian forests and may include <i>Ageratina altissima var. roanensis, Anemone quinquefolia, Arisaema triphyllum, Eurybia chlorolepis, Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides, Actaea racemosa, Dryopteris campyloptera, Epifagus virginiana, Impatiens pallida, Medeola virginiana, Oxalis montana, Laportea canadensis, Luzula acuminata, Phacelia bipinnatifida, Poa alsodes, Prenanthes altissima, Prenanthes roanensis, Stellaria pubera, Thelypteris noveboracensis</i>, and <i>Trillium erectum</i>. This community commonly occurs as small patches surrounded by other forest types, montane grasslands and shrublands.
Comm #608	Quercus phellos - Quercus (palustris, lyrata) / Ilex decidua / Carex typhina Floodplain Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35130-{6BCE519B-A664-4F35-8CD2-1B34ACBBC9CB}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	32	This swamp forest ranges from the Piedmont and adjacent Inner Coastal Plain of central Virginia south through the Piedmont into north-central North Carolina. It occupies somewhat poorly drained to very poorly drained floodplains of large streams and small rivers. Typical habitats include shallow sloughs, low flat terraces, and backswamps. Hydrologic regime can be somewhat ambiguous, but is probably best characterized as seasonally flooded. Flooding is typically fairly shallow (&lt;30 cm). Soils examined at plots had silt and silty-clay loam horizons grading to sticky clay, white- or orange-mottled subsoils. Samples were uniformly strongly acidic, but some had moderately high calcium, magnesium, and base saturation levels. Relatively undisturbed stands have a strong oak component, with <i>Quercus phellos</i> (most constant), <i>Quercus palustris, Quercus lyrata</i>, and <i>Quercus michauxii</i> sharing dominance in variable combinations. <i>Quercus pagoda</i> and <i>Quercus bicolor</i> also occur but are infrequent and local. <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i> and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> are constant, sometimes codominant overstory associates. <i>Ilex decidua</i> is the most constant shrub dominant, with <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i> and <i>Viburnum prunifolium</i> codominant in some areas. The herb layer is usually dense and characterized by patch-dominance of sedges and other graminoids, including <i>Carex typhina, Carex grayi, Carex tribuloides, Carex radiata, Carex intumescens, Leersia virginica, Poa autumnalis, Glyceria striata</i>, and <i>Cinna arundinacea</i>. Characteristic forbs include <i>Boehmeria cylindrica, Impatiens capensis, Lysimachia ciliata, Lycopus virginicus, Commelina virginica</i>, and <i>Saururus cernuus</i>. Spring ephemerals such as <i>Cardamine bulbosa, Cardamine douglassii</i>, and <i>Claytonia virginica</i> are sometimes abundant on hummocks and other better drained microhabitats. Invasive weeds, especially <i>Lysimachia nummularia</i>, are often problematic in this community type.
Comm #609	Fagus grandifolia - Quercus (alba, velutina, montana) / Kalmia latifolia Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35297-{1DC29367-9739-41B0-8DB8-BDF05A744A26}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	32	This mixed forest of beech and oaks occurs on the Inner Coastal Plain and eastern Piedmont from New Jersey to southern Virginia. It is particularly common on steep ravine slopes and bluffs of dissected terrain with highly acidic soils. It occurs occasionally on short, steep bluffs of the Outer Coastal Plain, and occasionally occurs on elevated swamp islands with sandy, oligotrophic soils. The overstory is composed of <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> with variable codominance by several oaks, particularly <i>Quercus montana, Quercus alba</i>, and <i>Quercus velutina</i>. Minor associates include <i>Quercus coccinea, Acer rubrum, Carya</i> spp., and <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i>. Typical subcanopy trees include <i>Sassafras albidum, Acer rubrum, Nyssa sylvatica, Cornus florida, Amelanchier arborea</i>, and <i>Ilex opaca</i>, the latter frequently dominating in Coastal Plain stands. An evergreen shrub layer with strong dominance by <i>Kalmia latifolia</i> is characteristic, with low-cover associates of <i>Rhododendron periclymenoides, Vaccinium</i> spp., and <i>Gaylussacia baccata</i>. Deciduous ericads alone are dominant in rare patches that lack <i>Kalmia latifolia</i>. On northern exposures, <i>Fagus grandifolia</i> tends to strongly dominate, and <i>Kalmia latifolia</i> may achieve &gt;75% cover.
Comm #610	Betula nigra - Platanus occidentalis / Alnus serrulata / Boehmeria cylindrica Floodplain Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35562-{29BEBC42-6DD3-4592-9D77-D86FA9F257FF}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	32	This riverfront forest, dominated by <i>Betula nigra</i> and <i>Platanus occidentalis</i>, occurs primarily on levees along small rivers and streams. It also is found along flowages of larger rivers ("artificial oxbows"). It ranges from North Carolina to southern Georgia in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain (and into the southern and lower-elevation parts of the Southern Blue Ridge, excluding the highest elevations of the Mountains) and west to eastern Texas, and the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee and possibly northern Alabama. No effort has been made to subdivide this type into northern and southern, or Coastal Plain and Interior variants, although there are undoubtedly some floristic differences between these extremes, at least in the lower strata. <i>Betula nigra</i> contributes at least 50%, and often more, of the tree density of stands of this community. <i>Platanus occidentalis</i> may be codominant, or at least prominent, with large individuals overtopping the <i>Betula</i>, which tends to have a greater number of stems, but <i>Platanus occidentalis</i> may be more conspicuous because of its larger size. Other canopy associates include <i>Liriodendron tulipifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer rubrum, Acer negundo, Ulmus americana, Ulmus rubra, Celtis</i> spp., and <i>Quercus</i> spp.