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Description |
Comm #641
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Quercus agrifolia / Toxicodendron diversilobum Riparian Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34075-{110F0F7B-4ECF-496B-B6AB-231751A4CEB1}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
30
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This riparian and mesic woodland occurs along gentle to steep, intermittently flooded streams in the interior coastal mountains of central and southern California, from Marin to San Diego counties. <i>Quercus agrifolia</i> is the dominant tree; other trees that may be infrequently to often present in low cover include <i>Salix laevigata, Quercus engelmannii, Pinus sabiniana, Populus balsamifera</i>, and <i>Populus fremontii</i>. <i>Toxicodendron diversilobum</i> is characteristically present and usually dominant in the shrub understory. Other shrub species such as <i>Salix lasiolepis, Rubus ursinus</i>, and <i>Baccharis salicifolia</i> may also occur. Herbs may include the forbs <i>Anthriscus caucalis, Galium aparine, Galium porrigens var. porrigens</i>, and <i>Marah fabaceus</i>, and the graminoids <i>Carex</i> sp., <i>Agrostis</i> sp., and <i>Bromus diandrus</i>. |
Comm #642
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Quercus lyrata - Quercus laurifolia - Taxodium distichum / Saururus cernuus Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33513-{71B6FC9A-F97E-4C2E-8C77-BC68B62A4E3C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
30
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This vegetation of sloughs and edges of backswamps in the Atlantic Coastal Plain has a mixture of cypress - gum swamp and bottomland hardwoods species, generally <i>Quercus lyrata, Quercus laurifolia, Taxodium distichum, Populus heterophylla, Fraxinus profunda, Quercus phellos, Ulmus americana, Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Carya aquatica, Planera aquatica</i>, and <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>. Along with the canopy species, other species that may be present in the subcanopy are <i>Ulmus alata, Ilex decidua, Carpinus caroliniana</i>, and <i>Diospyros virginiana</i>. The shrub layer ranges from sparse to a moderate coverage by species of the canopy and subcanopy layers with <i>Sabal minor</i> and <i>Arundinaria gigantea</i>. Herbaceous coverage usually is well-developed, and dominant species include <i>Carex joorii, Carex intumescens, Carex lupulina, Boehmeria cylindrica, Justicia ovata, Saururus cernuus</i>, and <i>Leersia lenticularis</i>. Other herbaceous species that occur include <i>Commelina virginica, Lobelia cardinalis, Ludwigia palustris, Diodia virginiana, Gratiola virginiana</i>, and others. The undergrowth (especially the prevalence of <i>Saururus cernuus</i>) is typical of cypress - gum swamps. This forest has well-developed canopy, subcanopy, and herbaceous strata. |
Comm #643
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Carya cordiformis - Quercus pagoda - Carya myristiciformis / Sabal minor - Cornus asperifolia Wet Flatwoods Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35566-{96C7F435-1CFC-43B0-872E-85F1445C68D9}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
30
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This wet marl forest of the North Carolina Coastal Plain has well-developed tree, subcanopy, and herb layers. Limestone outcrops are present. The canopy is dominated by <i>Quercus pagoda, Quercus shumardii, Carya myristiciformis, Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, and <i>Acer floridanum</i>. Other typical canopy species include <i>Carya cordiformis, Ulmus americana, Tilia americana var. caroliniana, Juglans nigra, Quercus alba, Quercus lyrata, Quercus michauxii, Quercus nigra, Quercus phellos, Carya aquatica, Carya ovata, Carya glabra, Fraxinus americana, Acer rubrum</i>, and <i>Acer negundo</i>. Typical subcanopy species include <i>Acer floridanum, Asimina triloba, Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana, Cercis canadensis var. canadensis, Cornus asperifolia, Cornus florida, Morus rubra</i>, and <i>Ostrya virginiana</i>. <i>Sabal minor</i> dominates the shrub layer in many areas (particularly the wetter portions of the community). Other shrubs and woody vines include <i>Aesculus pavia var. pavia, Aesculus sylvatica, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Toxicodendron radicans ssp. radicans, Viburnum nudum var. nudum, Viburnum prunifolium</i>, and <i>Viburnum recognitum</i>. The rich herbaceous stratum is dominated by <i>Carex basiantha, Carex corrugata</i>, and <i>Carex cherokeensis</i>. Other herbaceous species include <i>Anemone virginiana, Arisaema triphyllum, Asarum canadense, Aristolochia serpentaria, Boehmeria cylindrica, Cardamine bulbosa, Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Desmodium glutinosum, Dryopteris ludoviciana, Geranium maculatum, Geum canadense, Polystichum acrostichoides, Phryma leptostachya, Melica mutica, Sanicula canadensis var. canadensis, Sanicula marilandica, Scirpus lineatus</i>, and <i>Silphium asteriscus</i>. This community is subject to seasonal ponding of water in low spots and seasonally saturated soils because the clay/marl substrate prevents rapid percolation of water. Length of flooding varies within a site due to differences in microtopography. Two subassociations could be recognized, one more mesic, the other with seasonal ponding. |
Comm #644
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Verbesina alternifolia - Elymus riparius - Solidago gigantea - (Teucrium canadense) Riverbar Wet Meadow
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35118-{53A653CF-E180-49FF-9ED6-CE17E2EA40C4}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
30
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This tall herb-dominated association is known from the shores of rivers and large streams in the Piedmont and mountain regions of Maryland and West Virginia, as well as from the Green River of Kentucky. It occupies well-drained riverbanks and, less commonly, depositional bars or alluvial fans of medium-sized to large rivers that experience low rates of sediment erosion and turnover during small to moderate floods. Heavy annual deposits of alluvial sediments inhibit tree establishment. The type typically occurs as a narrow, linear strip along the outer edge of a floodplain forest. Occurrences have high solar exposure, though they may experience partial shading from adjacent (landward) forests. Vegetation is characterized by a dense growth of tall (1-3 m), light-demanding, native perennial herbs. The most characteristic species across the range are <i>Chasmanthium latifolium, Dichanthelium clandestinum, Verbesina alternifolia, Elymus</i> spp. (<i>Elymus riparius, Elymus canadensis, Elymus villosus, Elymus virginicus</i>), <i>Conoclinium coelestinum, Eutrochium fistulosum</i>, several species of <i>Eupatorium</i> (<i>Eupatorium perfoliatum, Eupatorium serotinum</i>), <i>Rudbeckia laciniata, Solidago gigantea, Calystegia sepium</i>, and <i>Verbena urticifolia</i>. Along the Potomac in the Great Valley of Virginia downstream to the fall line, <i>Teucrium canadense</i> and <i>Scrophularia marilandica</i> are also abundant; less abundant species include <i>Ageratina altissima, Helianthus decapetalus, Oenothera biennis, Phytolacca americana</i>, and <i>Monarda fistulosa</i>.. Along the New and Bluestone rivers in West Virginia, additional characteristic species include <i>Amphicarpaea bracteata, Apios americana, Helenium autumnale, Helianthus strumosus, Heliopsis helianthoides, Packera aurea, Phlox paniculata, Polygonum scandens, Polygonum virginianum, Senna hebecarpa, Solanum carolinense, Solidago canadensis, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum, Symphyotrichum lateriflorum, Tradescantia ohiensis, Tripsacum dactyloides, Verbesina occidentalis</i>, and <i>Vernonia noveboracensis</i>. Tall annual species characteristically dominant on less stabilized bars may be present but generally do not dominate. Woody vines are often common and include <i>Toxicodendron radicans, Vitis riparia</i>, and <i>Vitis vulpina</i>. Scattered shrubby or occasionally full-sized trees of flood-tolerant species may occur, with <i>Acer saccharinum, Platanus occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Betula nigra</i>, and <i>Acer negundo</i> the most frequent. <i>Lindera benzoin</i> may be present as a shrub. This type often has a number of invasive exotic weeds, including <i>Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonum perfoliatum, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Phalaris arundinacea, Humulus japonicus, Glechoma hederacea, Microstegium vimineum</i>, and <i>Stellaria media</i>. |
Comm #645
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Schoenoplectus americanus - Spartina patens Salt Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35233-{1717AB4E-613D-4C91-89A2-047E3C8654B9}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
30
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This brackish marsh occurs in wet depressions at the upper reaches of irregularly flooded tidal marshes of the mid-Atlantic Coast. It occurs at the ecotone between low and high salt marsh zones. It is irregularly flooded, occurring just above the zone of regular tidal flooding, but is more frequently flooded than <i>Spartina patens</i>-dominated high marsh. This community is dominated by colonies of <i>Schoenoplectus americanus</i>, which often accounts for 40-75% of the total vegetation cover or codominant with <i>Spartina patens</i> at some sites. Associated species can include <i>Pluchea odorata, Juncus roemerianus, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina cynosuroides, Distichlis spicata</i>, and <i>Limonium carolinianum</i> plus <i>Typha</i> spp. and <i>Phragmites australis</i>. This community often grades into <i>Spartina patens</i>- or <i>Juncus roemerianus</i>-dominated high marsh landward or <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>- or <i>Spartina cynosuroides</i>-dominated low marsh seaward. This association is best developed where the elevation gradient across the marsh is more gradual, allowing for greater diversity of physical conditions of duration and frequency of flooding. |
Comm #646
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Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola - (Quercus virginiana, Sabal palmetto) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36000-{8F1927B9-44A4-4195-BF2E-80D686A5D697}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
30
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This association occupies marsh hammocks (small islands surrounded by tidal marsh) along the South Atlantic Coast from eastern North Carolina south through South Carolina and Georgia to northeastern Florida. Related vegetation along central Florida spring runs is also covered here for now. The canopy can be relatively open or completely closed. <i>Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola</i> typically dominates the canopy, while other species such as <i>Quercus virginiana, Sabal palmetto</i>, and <i>Celtis laevigata var. laevigata</i> may be present. This association is related to other associations in this alliance in the same geographic range but differs in being shorter in stature, coastal red-cedar-dominated, with fewer strata, and floristically depauperate (often with some marsh species present). |
Comm #647
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Quercus montana - (Quercus coccinea) / Carya pallida / Vaccinium arboreum - Vaccinium pallidum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36497-{D2425A11-2D70-40D2-BD58-4B880A9532F5}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
30
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This association includes subxeric chestnut oak forests on high slopes and ridges in the southern Cumberland Plateau, southern Ridge and Valley, Southern Blue Ridge, and occasionally in the Piedmont of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. This forest occurs over rocky, shallow soils derived from various geologies. These include sandstone, quartzite (in the Piedmont), schist, or weakly metamorphosed, metasedimentary rocks (in the western edge of the Southern Blue Ridge). This is a closed-canopy, deciduous forest with open to sparse shrub layers and a sparse to absent herb layer. The canopy is dominated by <i>Quercus montana</i>, sometimes sharing dominance with <i>Quercus coccinea</i>. Other oaks in the canopy can include <i>Quercus velutina, Quercus stellata</i>, and <i>Quercus alba</i>, although these oaks are not dominant. Hickories (e.g., <i>Carya glabra, Carya pallida</i>) may be present in the canopy and/or subcanopy. Some examples may have coverage of pine in the canopy, most commonly <i>Pinus virginiana</i> and <i>Pinus echinata</i>. The most common subcanopy trees are <i>Acer rubrum, Carya pallida, Cornus florida, Nyssa sylvatica</i>, and <i>Oxydendrum arboreum</i>. The most constant shrub species are <i>Chimaphila maculata, Vaccinium arboreum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium stamineum, Diospyros virginiana</i>, and <i>Sassafras albidum</i>. Herb coverage is sparse, with little constancy among examples. Some of the more typical herb species are <i>Euphorbia corollata, Hieracium venosum, Carex nigromarginata</i>, and <i>Solidago odora</i>, but many other species may occur. |
Comm #648
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Water-willow (Justicia americana)- Smartweed Riverbed Community
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org/ecoObs:commConcept:17604-{A57B2D91-9A10-46BB-8894-6CEF9675D1B3}
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Zimmerman et al. 2012 |
30
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Comm #649
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Mixed Hardwoof Floodplain Thicket
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org/ecoObs:commConcept:17621-{29DA7089-CA1A-4378-B64B-F6C251D3D5EC}
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Zimmerman et al. 2012 |
30
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Comm #650
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Adenostoma fasciculatum - Malosma laurina Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.37381.CEGL003467
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30
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This shrubland association occurs on moderate to steep slopes of variable aspect at low to mid elevations between 111 and 991 m. It is dominated by <i>Adenostoma fasciculatum</i> and subdominated by <i>Malosma laurina</i> in the shrub layer. The herbaceous layer is sparse and composed primarily of introduced annual species. The emergent tree layer includes <i>Quercus agrifolia</i> in 20% of the samples. |
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