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Description |
Comm #741
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Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya ovalis / Acer saccharum / Polystichum acrostichoides Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35504-{99968AEB-5FAD-4D3D-ADDB-E72C79B1AF37}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
26
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This is a dry-mesic to mesic, low-montane oak-hickory forest of the Ridge and Valley, Cumberland Mountains, and adjacent Southern Blue Ridge. It has moderately high species diversity, with a variable mixed overstory of <i>Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, Carya ovalis, Carya ovata, Carya tomentosa, Liriodendron tulipifera</i> and, less frequently, <i>Carya cordiformis, Magnolia acuminata, Quercus velutina</i>, and <i>Quercus montana</i>. The most characteristic subcanopy species are <i>Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum, Fraxinus americana, Sassafras albidum, Nyssa sylvatica, Oxydendrum arboreum, Ulmus rubra, Cornus florida</i>, and <i>Ostrya virginiana</i>. Shrubs of various heights are commonly present; these may include <i>Frangula caroliniana, Corylus cornuta, Corylus americana, Vaccinium stamineum, Cercis canadensis, Asimina triloba, Morus rubra</i>, and <i>Lindera benzoin</i>. The herb layer is often diverse; the most constant patch-dominants include <i>Polystichum acrostichoides, Desmodium nudiflorum, Amphicarpaea bracteata, Dichanthelium boscii, Actaea racemosa</i>, and <i>Ageratina altissima var. altissima</i>. Some other herbs include <i>Podophyllum peltatum, Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum, Desmodium pauciflorum, Desmodium glutinosum, Galium circaezans, Uvularia perfoliata, Dioscorea quaternata, Arisaema triphyllum, Conopholis americana, Geranium maculatum, Solidago curtisii, Scutellaria elliptica, Brachyelytrum erectum, Eutrochium purpureum var. purpureum, Collinsonia canadensis</i>, and <i>Polymnia canadensis</i>. Many other mesophytic and dry-mesophytic herbs occur at low cover. The canopy is generally closed (>75% cover). |
Comm #742
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Quercus muehlenbergii / Cercis canadensis / Bromus pubescens - Erigeron pulchellus var. pulchellus - Aquilegia canadensis Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35936-{310DE32D-6A06-4FC5-B9CD-E8B633624278}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
26
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This dry, open, calcareous forest of the Coastal Plain of Virginia and Maryland is restricted to subxeric to xeric, fertile habitats over unconsolidated, calcareous deposits. These localized habitats are found on southeast- to southwest-facing, usually convex slopes of deep ravines or stream-fronting bluffs that have downcut into Tertiary shell deposits or limesands. Occurrences are small (typically <1 acre) and highly localized in dissected portions of the Virginia Inner Coastal Plain and Maryland Outer Coastal Plain. <i>Quercus muehlenbergii</i> is a constant, codominant or dominant canopy tree and is the most characteristic tree of this type. Some stands tend toward a woodland physiognomy, with low-statured, gnarled trees and a very open canopy. The understory includes <i>Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana</i> and <i>Cercis canadensis var. canadensis</i>. The herb layer is usually patchy but contains a diversity of species, including several long-range mountain disjuncts. Particularly abundant or noteworthy herbaceous species include <i>Erigeron pulchellus var. pulchellus, Dichanthelium boscii, Bromus pubescens</i>, and <i>Aquilegia canadensis</i>. Other locally important species are <i>Carex albicans, Matelea carolinensis, Elymus hystrix var. hystrix, Elymus villosus, Solidago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia, Symphyotrichum patens, Arabis laevigata, Verbesina virginica var. virginica, Campanulastrum americanum, Smallanthus uvedalius, Silphium trifoliatum var. trifoliatum, Desmodium pauciflorum, Hexalectris spicata</i>, and <i>Piptochaetium avenaceum</i>. |
Comm #743
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Vaccinium oxycoccos - (Vaccinium macrocarpon) / Rhynchospora alba - Drosera rotundifolia / Sphagnum spp. Fen
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36041-{273093E6-F8F5-419F-805A-16A97C8779A8}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
26
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This dwarf-shrubland occurs on temporarily flooded, semipermanently flooded, or saturated peat deposits in the Allegheny Mountains region of West Virginia, at elevations between 780 and 1210 m, with a low-elevation outlier in the Great Valley of Virginia at 460 m. It is a small-patch type that occupies flat-lying land (0-1° slopes) in headwater basins. Hummock-and-hollow microtopography is well-developed, with rounded peat hummocks ranging from 5-50 cm in height. The substrate is poorly to very poorly drained peat. Peat deposits are greater than one meter deep in late-successional stands. According to carbon dating of peat at Big Run Bog and Cranberry Glades, some sites have been characterized by bog vegetation for more than 10,000 years. Carbon dating of peat at the Virginia site indicates the presence of wetland vegetation for at least 15,000 years. Younger stands often have shallower peat and may contain alluvial lenses of sand or buried clay layers from former beaver ponds. These younger stands sometimes occupy wetter zones within successional shrub peatlands. Mean soil pH is 3.7. Vegetation is characterized by a hummocky mat of <i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i> with <i>Rhynchospora alba</i> in the hollows on an uneven bed of peat-forming mosses. The sparse short-shrub stratum may include <i>Aronia melanocarpa, Aronia arbutifolia</i>, and <i>Vaccinium myrtilloides</i>. The dwarf-shrub layer is dominated by <i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i> with occasional dominance or codominance by <i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i>. <i>Rubus hispidus</i> has high constancy in this stratum. The herbaceous layer is characterized by ombrotrophic bog vegetation with typically northern distribution. Dominant species are <i>Rhynchospora alba</i> and <i>Eriophorum virginicum</i>, with lower cover by <i>Drosera rotundifolia var. rotundifolia, Osmunda cinnamomea var. cinnamomea, Solidago uliginosa</i>, and <i>Gentiana linearis</i>. Nonvascular plants form a hummocky mat dominated by <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. (<i>Sphagnum rubellum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum flexuosum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum recurvum, Sphagnum magellanicum</i>) and often including moderate cover by <i>Polytrichum</i> spp. (<i>Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum</i>). Indicator species that help to distinguish this community from others within the high-elevation wetlands of the Allegheny Mountains region are <i>Drosera rotundifolia var. rotundifolia, Rhynchospora alba, Vaccinium macrocarpon</i>, and <i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i>. Mean species richness of all vascular plants and any nonvascular plants with cover >1% is 16 taxa per 400 square meters. In Virginia, this community occurs on groundwater-saturated, locally floating peat and sphagnum mats along the shoreline of depression ponds developed by solution and collapse of carbonate rocks underlying acidic colluvial materials deposited on the eastern edge of the Great Valley of Virginia, in Augusta, Rockingham, and southern Page counties, Virginia. This community is dominated by dense mats of <i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i>. Associated species include <i>Calopogon tuberosus, Drosera rotundifolia, Dulichium arundinaceum, Eriophorum virginicum, Juncus canadensis, Pogonia ophioglossoides, Rubus hispidus, Triadenum virginicum</i>, and <i>Xyris torta</i>. |
Comm #744
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Pinus virginiana - (Pinus rigida, Pinus pungens) / Schizachyrium scoparium Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36561-{3CC6AE59-C174-409A-B0E5-3945EA8704D6}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
26
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This community includes primarily <i>Pinus virginiana</i>-dominated vegetation of low-elevation ridges and steep slopes, occurring in the transition zone between the Southern Blue Ridge and Piedmont / Cumberlands and Southern Ridge and Valley, from eastern Tennessee, western North Carolina, western South Carolina and northern Georgia. It occurs on thin soils over a variety of rocky substrates, including quartzite, sandstone, phyllite, and others. The canopy varies from open to closed and may be solely dominated by <i>Pinus virginiana</i> or in some cases <i>Pinus rigida</i>, or an admixture of other species, including <i>Pinus pungens, Pinus echinata, Pinus rigida, Quercus coccinea, Quercus montana</i>, and <i>Quercus velutina</i>. An open midstory of often stunted hardwoods, including <i>Quercus marilandica, Quercus falcata, Oxydendrum arboreum</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>, may also be present. The open shrub layer typically includes <i>Vaccinium pallidum</i> and may include other members of the Ericaceae, including <i>Vaccinium arboreum, Vaccinium stamineum, Gaylussacia dumosa, Kalmia latifolia, Vaccinium hirsutum, Gaultheria procumbens</i>, and <i>Epigaea repens</i>. The structure of the herbaceous layer is variable, but may provide up to 75% cover. It is dominated by <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i>. Other characteristic herbaceous components include <i>Clitoria mariana, Coreopsis major, Dichanthelium commutatum, Eurybia surculosa, Sericocarpus asteroides, Sericocarpus linifolius, Silphium compositum, Solidago odora, Solidago speciosa, Sorghastrum nutans</i>, and <i>Tephrosia virginiana</i>. |
Comm #745
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Betula lenta - Acer rubrum / Lycopodium annotinum - Dennstaedtia punctilobula Ruderal Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36564-{76BB363A-4403-4DE7-8F40-B075CC038D91}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
26
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This vegetation type is associated with generally infertile sites that have been altered by logging and fires. Its distribution is centered in the Central Appalachians. Stands are floristically depauperate and characterized by even-aged, nearly pure <i>Betula lenta, Acer rubrum</i>, or mixtures of the two. Associated species, minor in importance, vary somewhat with geography and include <i>Betula alleghaniensis, Fraxinus americana, Fagus grandifolia, Prunus serotina, Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Liriodendron tulipifera, Populus tremuloides, Populus grandidentata</i>, and/or <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>. <i>Magnolia acuminata</i> and <i>Magnolia fraseri</i> are sometimes associates in the southern portion of the range. The subcanopy, when developed, consists mainly of <i>Fagus grandifolia</i>. <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> forms a scattered canopy or understory in some stands. <i>Ilex montana</i> is a characteristic shrub in the southern portion of the type's range, and <i>Lindera benzoin</i> is typical elsewhere. Shrub associates include <i>Kalmia latifolia, Acer pensylvanicum, Hamamelis virginiana, Amelanchier arborea, Viburnum prunifolium, Fagus</i> sprouts, <i>Rhododendron calendulaceum, Rhododendron periclymenoides</i>, and <i>Rhododendron maximum</i>. Herb layers may be dominated by dense and extensive colonies of <i>Lycopodium annotinum</i>, often in association with <i>Lycopodium dendroideum, Lycopodium clavatum</i>, and/or <i>Lycopodium digitatum</i>, or by <i>Dennstaedtia punctilobula</i>. Herbaceous associates include <i>Thelypteris noveboracensis, Polystichum acrostichoides, Carex swanii</i>, and others. |
Comm #746
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Quercus chrysolepis Association
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegtwig.vegbank.org:commconcept:445-{74EBB5F4-1790-4B5C-9C4C-0B2FF3D4DE4E}
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MCV2 |
26
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71.050.04 |
Comm #747
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Northern Red Oak Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.29143.NORTHERNREDOAKF
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2004 VA Natural Heritage Communities Report |
25
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Comm #748
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Acer saccharinum - Acer negundo / Ageratina altissima - Laportea canadensis - (Elymus virginicus) Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.37286.CEGL006217
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25
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This is a forested community of large river floodplains in the Mid-Atlantic states of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. These forests occupy banks and first bottoms of major rivers with nutrient-rich silt loams, sand loams, and sands that are temporarily inundated, annually or less often, in major flood events. Canopies are closed and dominated by <i>Acer saccharinum</i>, with <i>Acer negundo</i> dominating a subcanopy layer. Other minor overstory and understory associates include <i>Populus deltoides, Celtis occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ulmus americana</i>, and <i>Juglans nigra</i>. The shrub layer ranges from sparse to dense but is usually dominated by <i>Lindera benzoin</i>. Characteristic species of the herb layer are <i>Ageratina altissima, Laportea canadensis, Impatiens pallida, Viola sororia, Leersia virginica, Verbesina alternifolia, Urtica dioica ssp. dioica, Elymus virginicus, Elymus riparius, Geum canadense, Pilea pumila, Rudbeckia laciniata</i>, and <i>Cryptotaenia canadensis</i>. Vines of <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i> and <i>Parthenocissus quinquefolia</i> are common. Early-successional stands are usually strongly dominated by even-aged <i>Acer saccharinum</i>. |
Comm #749
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Pinus spp. Planted Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.31014.CEGL006313
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Eastern Ecology Working Group of... |
25
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These plantations consist of mature <i>Pinus strobus</i> or <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>, with other conifers sometimes present in smaller amounts, planted in post-agricultural fields and pastures. Associated canopy conifers include <i>Pinus resinosa, Picea abies, Picea pungens</i>, or <i>Larix decidua</i>. The understory varies widely in its degree of development and may be virtually absent. Northern hardwoods dominate the sapling and seedling layers in some areas; <i>Juniperus virginiana</i> is common in others. Cover is proportional to the degree of canopy break-up or opening that has occurred. Common hardwoods include <i>Prunus serotina, Acer rubrum</i>, and <i>Fraxinus americana</i>. A tall-shrub layer may be present; common species (aside from smaller individuals of the hardwood saplings) include <i>Crataegus</i> spp., <i>Hamamelis virginiana</i>, and <i>Lindera benzoin</i>. Common short shrubs include <i>Viburnum recognitum, Vaccinium pallidum, Rubus hispidus</i>, and <i>Rubus flagellaris</i>. The species composition and abundance of the herbaceous layer vary widely due to variation in canopy tree species composition, stand stocking, and soil drainage. Herbaceous species include <i>Ageratina altissima (= Eupatorium rugosum), Dryopteris intermedia, Dryopteris carthusiana, Oxalis stricta, Potentilla simplex, Mitchella repens, Galium aparine, Galium asprellum, Brachyelytrum erectum, Veronica officinalis, Polystichum acrostichoides, Maianthemum canadense, Trientalis borealis, Lycopodium clavatum</i>, and <i>Lycopodium digitatum (= Diphasiastrum digitatum)</i>. Graminoid and forb species associated with disturbed areas, such as <i>Agrostis stolonifera, Dichanthelium clandestinum (= Panicum clandestinum), Dennstaedtia punctilobula</i>, and <i>Hypericum perforatum</i>, are often dominant in these communities. Vines such as <i>Toxicodendron radicans, Smilax glauca, Smilax rotundifolia, Vitis</i> spp., and <i>Parthenocissus quinquefolia</i> may be present, but not abundant, in these plantations. Disturbance from silvicultural treatments and landscape fragmentation leaves these communities prone to invasion by exotic species, including <i>Lonicera tatarica, Berberis vulgaris, Rosa multiflora, Celastrus orbiculata, Microstegium vimineum</i>, and <i>Alliaria petiolata</i>, which are locally abundant. |
Comm #750
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Black Cherry - Tuliptree - Red Maple Successional Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:ecoobs.vegbank.org:commConcept:17613-{469C1BD7-F13E-4306-B5D3-2E238D8B4C0D}
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Zimmerman et al. 2012 |
25
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