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Description |
Comm #7741
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Thuja occidentalis / Sphagnum (girgensohnii, warnstorfii) Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.31095.CEGL006007
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Eastern Ecology Working Group of... |
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These cedar swamps are closed-canopy forests in enriched peatland basins in the Northern Appalachians and possibly adjacent Canada. They typically occur in small forested basins, or along lakes or streams, but may rarely occur in the enriched portions of larger peatlands where there is an influence of minerotrophic groundwater. They often occur in areas of calcareous or at least circumneutral bedrock. The soils are organic and range widely in depth of the peat. Canopy closure ranges from somewhat open to closed, and the forest floor is typically dark and cool. Shrub and herb coverage may be sparse to locally dense, with increased cover in canopy gaps. Herbs are typically scattered thinly over the moss layer. Bryophytes are abundant and form a mossy carpet. <i>Thuja occidentalis</i> is the canopy dominant; associates include <i>Picea mariana, Abies balsamea</i>, and <i>Larix laricina</i>. <i>Tsuga canadensis, Picea rubens</i>, or <i>Pinus strobus</i> are occasionally present. Shrubs include <i>Lonicera canadensis, Ilex verticillata, Vaccinium corymbosum, Nemopanthus mucronatus</i>, and small amounts of <i>Kalmia angustifolia</i>. <i>Rhamnus alnifolia</i> is typical in the more enriched swamps. The herb layer is often diverse and features <i>Gaultheria hispidula, Carex trisperma, Carex disperma, Linnaea borealis, Mitella nuda, Mitella diphylla, Tiarella cordifolia, Orthilia secunda (= Pyrola secunda), Rumex acetosella, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Phegopteris connectilis (= Thelypteris phegopteris), Chrysosplenium americanum, Moneses uniflora, Cornus canadensis, Trientalis borealis, Carex leptalea, Carex pedunculata</i>, and <i>Coptis trifolia (= Coptis groenlandica)</i>, with the uncommon <i>Calypso bulbosa, Cypripedium reginae</i>, and <i>Cypripedium parviflorum</i> in some swamps. <i>Sphagnum</i> mosses, especially <i>Sphagnum girgensohnii</i> and <i>Sphagnum warnstorfii</i>, form a mixed moss layer with <i>Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Thuidium delicatulum, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus</i>, and <i>Bazzania trilobata</i>, with <i>Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergon giganteum, Rhizomnium punctatum (= Mnium punctatum), Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Leptodictyum riparium (= Amblystegium riparium)</i>, and <i>Campylium stellatum</i> in wet hollows. This association is related to ~<i>Thuja occidentalis - (Picea rubens) / Tiarella cordifolia</i> Forest (CEGL006175)$$, but occurs in basins rather than on slopes and has deeper peat soils. |
Comm #7742
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I.A.4
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accession code: VB.CC.229.IA4
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EcoArt 2002 |
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Comm #7743
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Typha latifolia - Schoenoplectus fluviatilis - Carex comosa Herbaceous Vegetation
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accession code: VB.CC.27834.TYPHALATIFOLIAS
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Eastern Ecology Working Group of... |
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This freshwater tidal marsh of the Chesapeake Bay region is characterized by a highly diverse assemblage of species. Characteristic are Schoenoplectus fluviatilis and Typha latifolia. Other associates include Boehmeria cylindrica, Apios americana, Polygonum arifolium, Hibiscus moscheutos, Lycopus americanus, Pontederia cordata, and Peltandra virginica. |
Comm #7744
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Abies concolor / Amelanchier alnifolia / Anemone deltoidea Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.34416.CEGL000010
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This closed-canopy association occurs in the Klamath-Siskiyou region on westerly slopes at elevations of 1100-1500 m (3600-4900 feet). Slopes average 19%. Soils are underlain by andesite and basalt. <i>Abies concolor</i> and <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> dominate the overstory with 36% and 34% cover, respectively. The shrub layer includes cover from <i>Amelanchier alnifolia</i> (5%), <i>Mahonia nervosa (= var. nervosa)</i> (18%), <i>Paxistima myrsinites</i> (2%), and <i>Rosa gymnocarpa</i> (5%). Important forbs such as <i>Anemone deltoidea</i> (4% cover) and <i>Adenocaulon bicolor</i> (4% cover) are typically present. |
Comm #7745
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Picea glauca - Abies balsamea - Populus tremuloides / Pleurozium schreberi Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.36927.CEGL002476
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Midwestern Ecology Working Group... |
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Comm #7746
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Sagittaria lancifolia - Sesbania vesicaria - Solidago sempervirens - Lythrum lineare Tidal Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36512-{A7453A5B-C8E6-4B1A-ABDF-EBF8413DA547}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
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This association occurs as a fringing tidal marsh along oligohaline waters (documented from the head of Mobile Bay, Alabama). The vegetation is dominated by <i>Sagittaria lancifolia</i>. Other common species are <i>Sesbania vesicaria, Alternanthera philoxeroides</i> (exotic), <i>Solidago sempervirens var. mexicana, Pluchea</i> sp., <i>Boltonia asteroides, Lilaeopsis chinensis, Lythrum lineare, Cicuta maculata, Peltandra virginica, Polygonum hydropiperoides, Cyperus</i> sp., <i>Panicum virgatum var. virgatum</i>, and <i>Sesbania punicea</i> (exotic). |
Comm #7747
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Acer rubrum - Fraxinus nigra - (Larix laricina) / Rhamnus alnifolia Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.30905.CEGL006009
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Eastern Ecology Working Group of... |
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These calcareous or circumneutral seepage swamps of the northeastern United States have moderate to closed canopies and a rich herb layer influenced by calcium-rich groundwater seepage. These can occur along streams or at headwaters in areas of calcareous bedrock. Soils are saturated, organic muck or peat that can be quite deep. The canopy is dominated by <i>Acer rubrum</i> and <i>Larix laricina</i>, with <i>Fraxinus nigra</i> sometimes prominent. Canopy associates include <i>Betula alleghaniensis, Tsuga canadensis, Pinus strobus, Carpinus caroliniana</i>, and <i>Picea rubens</i>, the latter especially in the north or at higher elevations. Shrub cover varies with canopy cover and can be quite dense; typical species include <i>Toxicodendron vernix, Rhamnus alnifolia, Cornus sericea, Salix candida, Ilex verticillata, Vaccinium corymbosum</i>, and occasionally <i>Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. floribunda</i> and <i>Betula pumila</i>. The diverse herb layer is characterized by <i>Saxifraga pensylvanica, Caltha palustris, Cardamine bulbosa, Geum rivale, Osmunda cinnamomea, Carex leptalea, Carex interior, Carex stricta, Carex lacustris, Carex flava, Solidago patula, Iris versicolor, Ranunculus hispidus var. caricetorum, Cardamine douglassii, Thelypteris palustris, Dryopteris cristata, Solidago patula, Packera aurea (= Senecio aureus</i>), and <i>Symplocarpus foetidus</i>; plus <i>Cypripedium reginae, Cypripedium parviflorum (= Cypripedium calceolus)</i>, and <i>Platanthera dilatata</i>. |
Comm #7748
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Morella californica Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.26300.MORELLACALIFORN
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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Comm #7749
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Pinus taeda / Liquidambar styraciflua - Acer rubrum var. rubrum / Vaccinium stamineum Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.35414.CEGL006011
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Southeastern Ecology Working Gro... |
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This wide-ranging association is most common from the Piedmont of Virginia, through North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama, likely extending throughout the adjacent Coastal Plain. A large amount of variability exists in species composition and density due to geographic and disturbance factors. It represents stands in which <i>Pinus taeda</i> is the monospecific dominant tree in the overstory. Stands typically have more-or-less closed canopies, understories dominated by fire-intolerant hardwoods, and shrub-dominated lower strata. These are generally early- to mid-successional forests where the pines have reached tree size (as opposed to saplings) and have been established for a long enough period to have developed a closed canopy. Below the canopy of <i>Pinus taeda</i>, a well-developed subcanopy of hardwoods is present. <i>Acer rubrum var. rubrum</i> and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> are often the dominant species in the subcanopy. If significant numbers of these species enter the canopy, the stand would instead be classified as ~<i>Pinus taeda - Liquidambar styraciflua</i> Ruderal Forest (CEGL008462)$$. Although this forest may result from a planted stand [see ~<i>Pinus taeda</i> Planted Forest (CEGL007179)$$], it is distinguished from young pine plantations by tree height and the formation of distinct stratal layers, especially a well-developed subcanopy. This type may also develop following site preparation, with or without site conversion, and following agriculture. |
Comm #7750
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I.A.7.N.d
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accession code: VB.CC.495.IA7ND
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EcoArt 2002 |
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