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Reference
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Description |
Comm #7911
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Impatiens capensis - Peltandra virginica - Polygonum arifolium - Schoenoplectus fluviatilis - Typha angustifolia Tidal Herbaceous Vegetation
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accession code: VB.CC.30978.CEGL006325
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Eastern Ecology Working Group of... |
0
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This association occupies the higher elevation zone of freshwater to slightly oligohaline marshes along the Atlantic Coast from Maine to Virginia. In the southern part of the range (northern Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware), this is the principal mixed freshwater tidal marsh community, forming extensive patches. The vegetation is typically mixed and dense, with highly variable species composition and patch dominance. <i>Impatiens capensis, Peltandra virginica, Polygonum</i> spp. (<i>Polygonum arifolium, Polygonum sagittatum, Polygonum punctatum, Polygonum hydropiperoides</i>), <i>Schoenoplectus fluviatilis</i>, and <i>Typha angustifolia</i> are characteristic and often abundant. Other species that may be abundant in a given stand include <i>Leersia oryzoides, Hibiscus moscheutos, Mikania scandens, Sagittaria latifolia, Amaranthus cannabinus, Zizania aquatica, Bidens laevis, Bidens coronata, Pontederia cordata, Typha latifolia, Onoclea sensibilis</i>, and <i>Carex comosa</i>. Additional associates include <i>Boehmeria cylindrica, Acorus calamus, Cicuta maculata var. maculata, Cuscuta gronovii var. gronovii, Apios americana, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Schoenoplectus novae-angliae, Echinochloa walteri, Lycopus americanus, Pilea fontana, Eleocharis palustris, Iris versicolor</i>, and <i>Sium suave</i>. In the northern portion of the range, <i>Carex stricta</i> is also common. On the Connecticut River, <i>Impatiens capensis</i> is less important, and a levee is often present in the high marsh supporting such species as <i>Carex lacustris, Ambrosia trifida</i>, and <i>Eupatorium perfoliatum</i>. |
Comm #7912
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Picea sitchensis / Oplopanax horridus / Dryopteris campyloptera Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.23950.PICEASITCHENSIS
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
0
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Comm #7913
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Pinus strobus - Tsuga canadensis Lower New England / Northern Piedmont Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.31271.CEGL006328
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Eastern Ecology Working Group of... |
0
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This dry-mesic coniferous forest of usually sloping (moderately to steeply) sites is dominated by <i>Pinus strobus</i> and/or <i>Tsuga canadensis</i>. It can occur in somewhat sheltered ravines where <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> is nearly monotypic in all layers. Other frequent tree species depend on geography and can include <i>Betula papyrifera, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>, with <i>Pinus rigida, Prunus serotina, Quercus velutina, Carya alba, Betula lenta, Acer saccharum, Fraxinus americana, Betula alleghaniensis</i>, and <i>Betula populifolia</i> occurring less frequently. Although frequent, deciduous tree species generally occur with low abundance. Canopy cover is typically 80-90%. The subcanopy is often sparse but may extend up to 40% cover. <i>Acer pensylvanicum</i> is a common, though rarely abundant, small tree. Shrubs are absent or sparse but when present may include <i>Hamamelis virginiana, Kalmia latifolia, Rhododendron maximum, Vaccinium angustifolium</i>, and <i>Viburnum acerifolium</i>. The herbaceous layer is generally not well-developed nor diverse and is generally characterized by <i>Gaultheria procumbens, Medeola virginiana, Polystichum acrostichoides</i>, and <i>Thelypteris noveboracensis</i>. Other herbaceous associates often include <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Uvularia sessilifolia, Mitchella repens, Trientalis borealis, Monotropa uniflora, Dryopteris intermedia, Dryopteris marginalis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Polypodium virginianum</i>, and <i>Maianthemum canadense</i>. <i>Deschampsia flexuosa</i> and other grasses may be present in small openings and gaps. Nonvascular plants tend to be sparse but can include <i>Leucobryum albidum</i> and <i>Polytrichum</i> and <i>Dicranum</i> species. Soils are moderately to extremely well-drained (dry-mesic to mesic) loamy sands and sandy loams, often sandy, stony or bouldery. The major natural disturbance in this forest type is generally single-tree blowdowns. |
Comm #7914
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Alnus (incana ssp. rugosa, serrulata) - Cornus amomum Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.31435.CEGL006337
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Eastern Ecology Working Group of... |
0
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This type comprises tidal freshwater, or perhaps also oligohaline, shrublands dominated by <i>Alnus serrulata</i> and/or <i>Alnus incana ssp. rugosa</i>. It is found in coastal areas with tidally-influenced river systems in the North Atlantic. Floodwaters are typically slightly acidic (pH less than 5) and soils are usually mineral without significant peat deposits. In some examples one or both of these may be characteristically dominant or nearly so. Other examples may be more semi-open with a mixed canopy of <i>Alnus</i> with other shrubs such as <i>Cornus amomum, Rosa palustris, Ilex verticillata, Viburnum dentatum, Clethra alnifolia</i>, and <i>Lindera benzoin</i>. Other woody plants which may be present include <i>Sambucus canadensis, Salix</i> spp., <i>Amorpha fruticosa, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Decodon verticillatus, Toxicodendron vernix</i>, and <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i>. More northern examples may contain <i>Viburnum recognitum</i> and <i>Spiraea alba var. latifolia (= Spiraea latifolia)</i>. Some shrub associates include <i>Decodon verticillatus</i> and <i>Toxicodendron vernix</i>; some herbaceous associates are <i>Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens, Galium</i> spp., <i>Onoclea sensibilis, Polygonum punctatum, Apios americana, Typha latifolia, Peltandra virginica, Pontederia cordata, Mikania scandens, Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (= Aster novi-belgii), Boehmeria cylindrica, Impatiens capensis, Triadenum walteri, Asclepias incarnata, Carex atlantica (= Carex incomperta), Platanthera clavellata</i>, and <i>Xyris torta</i>. <i>Carex stricta</i> may also be present, and there is a great deal of micro-relief (tussocks and furrows) leading to high species diversity. |
Comm #7915
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Grayia spinosa - Ephedra viridis Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.20854.GRAYIASPINOSAEP
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
0
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Comm #7916
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CEGL000249
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accession code: VB.CC.2875.CEGL000249
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #7917
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Populus angustifolia / Invasive Perennial Grasses Ruderal Woodland
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accession code: VB.CC.31920.CEGL003749
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
0
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This riparian association occurs in the foothill and lower montane zones of the Rocky Mountains extending west into the Great Basin and east onto the northern plains. Sites are between 945 and 2490 m (3100-8160 feet) elevation and are found along streams and rivers in broad valleys to narrow canyons. Stands extend onto the floodplain and stream terraces. Generally, soils are well-drained sand, loam or silt with river gravels and cobbles mixed within the matrix. This vegetation is characterized by a moderately open to closed (50-90%c over) tree canopy 10-15-m tall dominated by <i>Populus angustifolia</i>, with an understory dominated by introduced perennial grasses without a notable shrub layer. <i>Acer negundo, Fraxinus velutina, Populus fremontii</i> (in the southwestern part of range), or <i>Salix amygdaloides</i> are often present, and <i>Juniperus scopulorum, Juniperus monosperma</i>, or <i>Juniperus deppeana</i> may be common in subcanopy. Shrubs are absent or present only as scattered individuals. The moderately dense to dense herbaceous layer is frequently dominated or codominated by <i>Poa pratensis, Bromus inermis</i>, or other introduced graminoids, such as <i>Agrostis stolonifera, Agrostis gigantea, Alopecurus geniculatus, Elymus repens, Dactylis glomerata</i>, and <i>Phleum pratense</i>. Native graminoids are often present but have low cover and may include <i>Carex</i> spp., <i>Bromus porteri, Elymus canadensis, Elymus trachycaulus, Juncus balticus</i>, and <i>Pascopyrum smithii</i>. Forb diversity is moderately high but variable. The introduced invasives <i>Cirsium arvense, Melilotus officinalis</i>, and <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> are common on disturbed sites. Adjacent, lower alluvial bars may be dominated by <i>Salix</i> spp. and <i>Alnus</i> spp. and occasionally emergent wetlands. Uplands may be open grasslands and hillslopes that support mixed coniferous spruce-fir forests on north-facing aspects and pine or juniper woodlands on south-facing slopes. |
Comm #7918
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CEGL007063
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accession code: VB.CC.6965.CEGL007063
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #7919
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Spartina patens - Agrostis stolonifera Herbaceous Vegetation
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accession code: VB.CC.31203.CEGL006365
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Eastern Ecology Working Group of... |
0
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This association comprises brackish meadows dominated by <i>Spartina patens</i> that occur in the lower reaches of tidal rivers in New England. These meadows form behind natural levees along tidal creeks and tidal rivers above mean high tide and to approximately the limit of high spring tides. They are subject to irregular tidal flooding and are poorly drained. Because of freshwater input from the upper drainage basin, the flood waters are brackish (mesohaline, 5-18 ppt). These <i>Spartina patens</i>-dominated meadows have a distinct "cowlicked" appearance. Characteristic associates that occur with low abundance include <i>Agrostis stolonifera (= var. palustris), Carex straminea, Carex hormathodes, Argentina anserina (= Potentilla anserina), Festuca rubra, Eleocharis halophila, Ptilimnium capillaceum, Schoenoplectus pungens, Schoenoplectus americanus</i>, and <i>Spartina pectinata</i>. Other associated species more common to polyhaline (>18 ppt) salt marshes include <i>Juncus gerardii, Triglochin maritima</i>, and <i>Solidago sempervirens</i>, which occur sporadically. Substrate is peat over silty mud or sand. |
Comm #7920
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CEGL001556
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accession code: VB.CC.4125.CEGL001556
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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