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Name
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Reference
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Plots↓
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Description |
Comm #821
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Quercus kelloggii – Pinus ponderosa / Arctostaphylos viscida Association
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org/vegbranch:commConcept:28832-{A99F829E-D459-47B1-8319-4EFED60C98E8}
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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MCV2 |
23
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Comm #822
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Tsuga canadensis - Betula alleghaniensis - Acer saccharum / Dryopteris intermedia Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34757-{0AE0AE59-57D1-4254-ADFA-D843DC02BBEB}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
23
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Comm #823
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Salix nigra Central Floodplain Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31012-{59CBDEBF-8F82-4286-AFF1-B9D7421CE4DD}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
23
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The black willow forest type is found widely but sporadically across the central United States. Stands occur on the banks of small to large rivers where they are a component of point bar succession. It may also be present in the inflows of manmade lakes where similar sand bars may develop over time and where the seasonal draining patterns of the lake may mimic similar natural processes. Surface water is present for brief periods during the growing season, but the water table usually lies well below soil surface. The vegetation is a closed-canopy forest dominated by <i>Salix nigra</i>. Associates may include <i>Populus deltoides, Betula nigra, Platanus occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Diospyros virginiana, Cornus drummondii, Ulmus americana, Acer rubrum, Acer negundo</i>, and <i>Acer saccharinum</i>. Shrubs and herbaceous plants are absent to fairly dense. They include <i>Nekemias arborea, Mikania scandens, Toxicodendron radicans, Polygonum</i> spp., <i>Erechtites hieraciifolius, Boehmeria cylindrica</i>, and <i>Phytolacca americana</i>. In Kentucky, stands may contain <i>Dichanthelium commutatum</i>. |
Comm #824
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Alnus incana - Salix (monticola, lucida, ligulifolia) Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31559-{E8965A41-BC69-44FF-8C7D-B7842739379C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
23
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This broadly defined riparian shrubland association occurs widely from 2200-2700 m elevation in the southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado and likely occurs in adjacent New Mexico and possibly southern Wyoming. Sites include poorly developed soils on cobble point bars, islands, flat alluvial benches, and large alluvial floodplains along moderately steep streams. The vegetation is characterized by a moderately dense to often continuous tall-shrub layer (50-90% total cover). The shrub canopy is dominated by <i>Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia</i> (15-100% cover) and codominated by one or more other willow species, including <i>Salix monticola, Salix lucida ssp. caudata</i>, and <i>Salix ligulifolia</i> with up to 50% cover. Other willow species occurring with less frequency include <i>Salix bebbiana, Salix exigua, Salix lutea</i>, and <i>Salix geyeriana</i>. <i>Salix drummondiana</i> may be present but does not codominate. Other shrub associates may include <i>Amelanchier alnifolia, Ribes inerme, Rubus idaeus, Rosa woodsii</i>, and <i>Acer glabrum</i>. Tree cover is generally sparse but can include scattered individuals of <i>Picea engelmannii, Picea pungens, Populus tremuloides</i>, or <i>Populus angustifolia</i> that total <25% canopy cover. The herbaceous undergrowth is variable and ranges from a sparse to dense mixture of graminoids (10-50%) and forbs (10-80%). Associated species include <i>Equisetum arvense, Heracleum maximum, Mertensia ciliata, Calamagrostis canadensis, Cardamine cordifolia</i>, and <i>Carex utriculata</i>. The abundance of other shrubs may indicate that the association occupies a transition in the physical setting, for example, from a broad floodplain dominated by <i>Salix</i> spp. to a narrow valley bottom and channel lined with only <i>Alnus incana</i>. Beaver are noted to be an important influence on the association. Diagnostic of this riparian shrubland association is the codominance of <i>Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia</i> and <i>Salix</i> spp. Shrub diversity is typically high. |
Comm #825
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Baccharis pilularis / Annual Grass-Herb Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32066-{9941BA3A-4D4C-43A5-AEC4-FEFC3AEB9F62}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
23
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This shrubland association of northern to southern coastal California occurs on gentle valley bottoms to steep slopes with flat to variable aspect at low elevations between 1 and 568 m. It is characterized by the dominance of <i>Baccharis pilularis</i> in the shrub layer and a variety of non-native, largely annual grasses and herbs in the herbaceous layer. The herbaceous understory can be dominated by annual exotic grasses such as <i>Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum, Bromus hordeaceus, Bromus diandrus</i>, and <i>Avena barbata</i>, along with annual herbs such as <i>Raphanus sativus</i>. Other native herbaceous species include <i>Distichlis spicata, Juncus </i>spp., <i>Muhlenbergia rigens</i>, and <i>Corethrogyne filaginifolia</i>. The emergent tree layer includes occasional ruderal trees such as <i>Schinus molle, Eucalyptus</i> spp., and <i>Phoenix canariensis</i>, as well as the native <i>Quercus agrifolia</i>. This association is indicative of a disturbed seral stage that typically comes following the reversion of cleared pastureland or non-native grassland back to shrubland. <i>Baccharis pilularis</i> behaves similarly in other areas of northern California where it often forms the first wave of woody species to recolonize cleared land. |
Comm #826
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Vaccinium (angustifolium, myrtilloides, pallidum) Central Appalachian Dwarf-shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32807-{F838811A-E587-4E06-A25E-F47772B85FB7}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
23
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This association occurs in the mid-Atlantic states of Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, extending north to the Catskills. It is found on mid- to high-elevation acidic rock outcrops or summits and is characterized by abundant dwarf <i>Vaccinium</i> spp. in areas with frequent fire and/or droughty soils. This community is dominated by heaths or heath-like shrubs (typically blueberries <i>Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Vaccinium stamineum, Vaccinium pallidum</i>) and is commonly referred to as "heath barrens." Soils are shallow accumulations of organic material on bedrock habitats. Small trees may be present but are very sparse. The herbaceous layer is usually sparse with low diversity. In addition to <i>Vaccinium</i>, the shrub layer typically contains other low shrubs such as <i>Gaylussacia baccata, Kalmia angustifolia, Lyonia ligustrina</i>, and <i>Comptonia peregrina</i>, with <i>Kalmia latifolia</i> present in some areas. <i>Quercus ilicifolia</i> is frequently present, with variable cover, above the low heaths. Herbaceous plants scattered among the shrubs include <i>Deschampsia flexuosa, Schizachyrium scoparium, Carex pensylvanica, Carex argyrantha, Danthonia spicata, Piptatheropsis pungens, Lysimachia quadrifolia, Rubus hispidus, Melampyrum lineare, Solidago canadensis, Lycopodium dendroideum</i>, and <i>Lycopodium digitatum</i>. Mosses (including <i>Polytrichum</i> spp.) and lichens usually are present. |
Comm #827
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Tsuga canadensis - Fagus grandifolia - Acer saccharum / (Hamamelis virginiana, Kalmia latifolia) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33810-{E12D156E-18FF-433F-9B31-844C63D0489F}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
23
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This community is found in parts of the Interior Low Plateau, the Western Allegheny Plateau, and the Cumberland Mountains in the northeastern and east-central United States. Stands occur on dry-mesic to mesic slopes, sometimes in steep-sloped valleys. Soils are typically acidic silty to sandy loams, with a sandstone or shale parent material. The overstory is dominated by <i>Tsuga canadensis, Acer saccharum, Acer rubrum</i>, and <i>Fagus grandifolia</i>. Rarely does any one of these comprise more than 50% of the mature trees in a stand. Other trees are common in the canopy, among them <i>Betula alleghaniensis, Betula lenta, Carya</i> spp., <i>Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica, Pinus strobus, Prunus serotina, Quercus alba, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Tilia americana</i>. The shrub layer, occasionally sparse, contains <i>Hamamelis virginiana, Lindera benzoin</i>, and <i>Viburnum acerifolium</i>, as well as ericaceous shrubs, including <i>Kalmia latifolia</i> (except in the northern portion of the Western Allegheny Plateau) and <i>Rhododendron maximum</i>. The ground layer contains the ferns <i>Botrychium virginianum, Dryopteris intermedia, Dryopteris marginalis, Polystichum acrostichoides</i>, and the herbs <i>Arisaema triphyllum, Maianthemum canadense, Mitchella repens, Podophyllum peltatum, Viola blanda</i>, and <i>Viola rotundifolia</i>, among others. Three subtypes are possible: (1) steep-walled sandstone gorges and talus, where <i>Hydrangea arborescens, Kalmia latifolia</i>, and <i>Dryopteris marginalis</i> may be indicative; (2) more gently sloped valleys, with shrubs such as <i>Hamamelis virginiana, Viburnum acerifolium</i>; and (3) rolling lakeplain ridges. The Kentucky examples, which are mesic rather than dry-mesic, may lack <i>Acer saccharum, Maianthemum canadense</i>, and several other species, and may contain <i>Magnolia</i> spp. (e.g., <i>Magnolia tripetala, Magnolia acuminata</i>, and <i>Magnolia macrophylla</i>) (J. Campbell pers. comm. 2000). In addition, <i>Betula lenta</i> (widespread on Appalachian plateaus) is replaced by <i>Betula alleghaniensis (var. macrolepis</i>?) in western Kentucky and southern Indiana. |
Comm #828
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Rhexia virginica - Panicum verrucosum Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34911-{0882CDF0-E26C-4C47-996A-529F69DD4334}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
23
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This coastal plain pondshore community commonly occurs in coastal Massachusetts discontinuously south to Delaware. It occurs on the broad margins of shallow groundwater basins, but is also occurs on the protected shoreline inlets of deeper ponds in New York. The substrate is variable, ranging from loamy sand, sandy loam, or sand with an organic layer from 0 to greater than 20 cm in depth. Characteristic species include <i>Rhexia virginica, Cyperus dentatus, Juncus canadensis, Viola lanceolata, Juncus pelocarpus, Gratiola aurea, Rhynchospora capitellata, Euthamia caroliniana, Drosera intermedia, Hypericum mutilum, Coreopsis rosea, Scleria reticularis, Panicum verrucosum, Xyris torta, Lachnanthes caroliana, Rhynchospora scirpoides, Fuirena squarrosa</i>, and <i>Rhynchospora macrostachya</i>. |
Comm #829
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Dulichium arundinaceum - Carex folliculata - Juncus spp. Seepage Meadow
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35179-{ED7FDC93-9C34-4BD0-BD45-D0B83BBD26A8}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
23
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This community occurs in shallow basins, swales, moats of bog mats, and pondshores, sometimes with a porous substrate, where the water level drops significantly during dry years. Substrate is variously peat, muck or sandy soil. The vegetation is dominated by a mix of low grasses, sedges, rushes, and scattered shrubs such as <i>Dulichium arundinaceum, Rubus hispidus, Carex folliculata, Juncus canadensis, Juncus brevicaudatus</i>, and <i>Juncus subcaudatus</i>. Other associates include <i>Leersia oryzoides, Scirpus cyperinus, Osmunda cinnamomea var. cinnamomea, Triadenum fraseri, Lycopodiella inundata, Eriophorum virginicum, Drosera</i> spp., <i>Rhynchospora alba</i>, and <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. This community is known from New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. In West Virginia, it occurs in the Allegheny Mountains and Ridge and Valley regions at elevations between 620 and 1150 m. |
Comm #830
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Lysimachia ciliata - Apocynum cannabinum Sparse Riverbed Vegetation
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35181-{4B5A96C6-8C9D-4AE2-8081-239F1460666F}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
23
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Island heads, bars, spits, low terraces, and riverbanks are all home to this broadly defined community. The underlying substrate also varies greatly, although it is often cobbles and sand, with thin deposits of silt, muck or organic matter. Species composition also varies greatly from site to site. The unifying factor that bridges the differences in environmental factors and species composition is the frequent scour that these sites experience. This community establishes in areas of the active channel that are underwater for the majority of the year and are exposed only at low water or in drought years. Therefore, these areas are subjected to high water velocities, floods and ice-scour more frequently than other herbaceous communities or shrublands (with the exception of emergent beds). The constant scour removes established vegetation and maintains or creates exposed sediments, cobbles or bedrock. New seeds and plant propagules are constantly being dispersed to these areas by water, air and animals. This causes a continual flux in species composition that is characteristic of this community. Typical species are a mix of annuals and perennials, including <i>Lysimachia ciliata, Lysimachia vulgaris, Lysimachia nummularia, Senecio</i> spp., <i>Eupatorium</i> spp., other Asteraceae spp., <i>Convolvulus</i> spp., <i>Phyla lanceolata, Justicia americana, Cyperus esculentus, Boehmeria cylindrica, Polygonum</i> spp., <i>Apocynum cannabinum, Betula nigra</i>, and <i>Platanus occidentalis</i>. This community is defined mainly by its setting and disturbance regime. |
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