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Comm #8461
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CEGL007799
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accession code: VB.CC.7394.CEGL007799
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #8462
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Arctostaphylos viscida - Ceanothus cuneatus / Festuca idahoensis - Achnatherum lemmonii Shrubland
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accession code: VB.CC.25246.ARCTOSTAPHYLOSV
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This is a valley margin and bottomland chaparral community found in the interior valleys and margins of southwestern Oregon and northwestern California. It occurs on stony, shallow soil, occasionally on alluvial plains, or more commonly valley margin hillslopes at moderate elevations (between 1200 and 3000 feet in elevation). It also is found on south-facing river canyon slopes. Most occurrences are on clay soils, but the association may occasionally be found in serpentine areas. Native dominant grasses include Festuca roemeri in many areas, Pseudoroegneria spicata, Achnatherum lemmonii (= Stipa lemmonii), and Elymus elymoides. These last two grasses tend to be the most resistant to grazing, and increase in the poor condition stands. Pseudoroegneria spicata does not appear to be important in the valley bottom stands, nor has it been reported from California stands. Forbs in this community include Phacelia hastata, Achillea millefolium, Lomatium macrocarpum, Lomatium utriculatum, Calochortus tolmiei, and annuals such as Plagiobothrys and Lasthenia species. This chaparral type, as is often the case, is fire-dependant. Both dominant shrubs require fire for re-establishment. After fire, Ceanothus cuneatus comes back quickest and can completely dominate young stands. Arctostaphylos viscida is codominant in older stands and can eventually overtop and replace the Ceanothus, often forming very tall, dense thickets in which the bunchgrass and forb cover also declines. These two tend to be the only important shrubs, although occasionally Cercocarpus montanus var. glaber (= Cercocarpus betuloides), Ceanothus integerrimus, and Toxicodendron diversilobum are found. In many areas, the habitat is an edaphic climax due to the shallow, stony soils. However, often these chaparral stands will be replace by Pinus ponderosa or Quercus kelloggii and/or Quercus garryana woodlands. |
Comm #8463
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Abies lasiocarpa - Picea engelmannii / Clintonia uniflora - Xerophyllum tenax Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.32249.CEGL005892
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This association has been described only for the northern Rocky Mountains. It occupies most of what was considered the dry and cold portion of the former <i>Abies lasiocarpa / Clintonia uniflora</i> association. It is found predominantly on well-drained sites with south- or west-facing exposures and all degrees of slope steepness; it is seldom found on toeslope positions or steam terraces. Within a given landscape (Glacier-Waterton International Peace Park) it exhibited a wide elevational range, from 1340 to 1800 m (4400-5900 feet); this upper elevation is extreme and beyond the elevational limits of <i>Clintonia uniflora</i>, but within the distributional limits of <i>Tiarella trifoliata</i>. Parent materials are dominated by granitics, quartzites, mica schists, and partially metamorphosed sedimentary types, such as argillite. In northern Idaho and western Montana ash caps of varying thickness are common. In local landscapes it grades to <i>Abies grandis / Xerophyllum tenax</i> - <i>Clintonia uniflora</i> or <i>Thuja plicata / Clintonia uniflora</i> at lower elevations, and above, or on drier sites, to <i>Abies lasiocarpa / Xerophyllum tenax</i> (which may be dominated by seral tree species). The tree canopy is dominated by a variable combination of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> and <i>Picea engelmannii</i>; cover of the upper canopy generally ranges from 60 to 80%. Seral tree species (<i>Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Larix occidentalis</i>) are relatively more successful in post-disturbance colonization than they are in other <i>Clintonia uniflora</i>-characterized sites (stands dominated by seral tree species comprise a separate set of associations). This response essentially reflects the warmer, more open sites that following disturbance do not so readily regenerate to shrub dominance. The undergrowth is dominated by a low- to mid-shrub, discontinuous layer of <i>Vaccinium membranaceum</i>; other high-constancy shrubs, which seldom exceed 15% cover, include <i>Lonicera utahensis, Spiraea betulifolia, Rubus parviflorus, Paxistima myrsinites, Acer glabrum</i>, and <i>Amelanchier alnifolia</i>. The graminoid component often comprises less than 1% cover, and there are none that appear with even moderate constancy. The forb layer is generally dominated by <i>Xerophyllum tenax</i>, whose cover ranges from barely greater than 1% to 60 or 70% in more open stands. The other diagnostic forbs, <i>Clintonia uniflora</i> and <i>Tiarella trifoliata</i>, seldom exceed 5% cover. Other forbs of high constancy and occasional layer dominance include <i>Thalictrum occidentale, Orthilia secunda, Viola orbiculata, Arnica latifolia</i> (or <i>Arnica cordifolia</i>), <i>Goodyera oblongifolia</i> and <i>Osmorhiza berteroi (= Osmorhiza chilensis)</i>. |
Comm #8464
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Abies lasiocarpa - Picea engelmannii / Menziesia ferruginea / Clintonia uniflora Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.32248.CEGL005893
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This is a broadly distributed association strongly associated with Pacific maritime climatic regime which penetrates with ever diminishing influence just east of the Continental Divide in the northern Rocky Mountains. It is well-documented from north-central Idaho and western Montana northwards into neighboring provinces of Alberta and British Columbia. This is a type of lower to mid-elevation subalpine environments with a relatively narrow elevation range in any given locality and an overall range of 1280 to 1770 m. It is characteristic of cool, moist exposures, typically occupying moderate to steep slopes with north- and east-facing slope aspects. Soils are derived from a variety of noncalcareous and calcareous sedimentary rock, as well as metamorphic types (including quartzites, mica schists), volcanics (both intrusive and extrusive, including granitics and basalts), and glacial till and drift. Surface horizon soil textures are predominantly silt loams and loams. In northern Idaho and western Montana an ash cap of variable depth (1-24 inches) increases the moisture-holding capacity and nutrient content of these soils. The overstory is dominated by a variable combination of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> and <i>Picea engelmannii</i>; total tree canopy cover is generally in the range of 50 to 80%. This association represents predominantly mature to old-growth conditions, but seral species can be present, in declining order of importance, <i>Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Larix occidentalis, Pinus monticola</i>, and <i>Pinus albicaulis</i>. The undergrowth generally has a lush aspect with a tall to mid-sized shrub layer dominated by <i>Menziesia ferruginea, Vaccinium membranaceum, Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata, Sorbus</i> spp., <i>Lonicera utahensis</i>, and <i>Ribes lacustre</i>. <i>Vaccinium scoparium</i> (or <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i>) and <i>Linnaea borealis</i> are the predominant dwarf-shrubs. Graminoids are scarce with only <i>Bromus vulgaris</i> and <i>Bromus ciliatus</i> being present with any constancy at all. The forb component is virtually always dominated by one, or a combination of, the following three species: <i>Xerophyllum tenax, Arnica latifolia</i> (or <i>Arnica cordifolia</i>), or <i>Thalictrum occidentale</i>. However, the type is recognized by the presence of either <i>Clintonia uniflora</i> or <i>Tiarella trifoliata</i>, which have much more restricted environmental ranges (mesic to hygric moisture regimes) than the above-named forb dominants; their cover seldom exceeds 10%. Other forbs consistently present with low coverages include <i>Veratrum viride, Heracleum maximum, Galium triflorum</i>, and <i>Senecio triangularis</i>. |
Comm #8465
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Abies lasiocarpa - Picea engelmannii / Menziesia ferruginea / Xerophyllum tenax Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.32244.CEGL005895
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
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This association occurs throughout the middle to northern Rocky Mountains and on into the Canadian Rockies as a small- to large-patch type from mid to upper subalpine habitats. In the southerly portions of its distribution, the Wallowa and Seven Devils mountains and Idaho Batholith, it faithfully occupies moderate to steep slopes of northerly aspects at elevations ranging from 1700 to 2300 m (5600-7500 feet), but dropping to 1370 m (4500 feet) where frost pocket conditions obtain. Further to the north it also occurs predominantly on northerly exposures, but at higher elevations in wetter climates, it may be found on southerly exposures. It can occur on a given slope from the toe, up the backslope to the slope shoulder, and in wetter climates is found on ridgetops as well. It is perhaps most widely distributed in western Montana where individual stands may comprise hundreds to thousands of acres. It exhibits no particular substrate preferences being found on granitics, fine-grained sedimentaries (including argillite and limestone), metasediments, and mica-schist; volcanic ash caps of varying depths (to 50 cm thickness) are very prevalent in the southern and western portions. The predominant soil texture is silt loam, and soils are uniformly well-drained. Rock content of surface horizons ranges from about 15% to over 50%. This is a closed forest type for the most part with total upper canopy cover ranging upward from 60%. A variable mix of <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> and <i>Picea engelmannii</i> dominates the canopy as well as the regeneration layers. Seral tree species do poorly on these sites; <i>Pinus contorta, Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, and <i>Larix occidentalis</i> are the only tree species consistently present and seldom is their canopy cover as great as 20%. The modal condition for the undergrowth varies with geographic region. <i>Menziesia ferruginea</i> consistently dominates the tall-shrub layer, which may also have <i>Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata</i> as a conspicuous component. In all parts of the type's range <i>Vaccinium membranaceum</i> is the mid (short) shrub dominant with coverages generally upwards of 30%; it is usually accompanied by low cover of <i>Ribes lacustre</i> and the somewhat shorter dwarf-shrub <i>Vaccinium scoparium</i> (or its ecological analogue <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i>). The only graminoid consistently present, <i>Luzula glabrata</i>, occurs in slightly greater than trace amounts in stands at higher elevations and experiencing deeper snowpack. The herb layer, depauperate in comparison to that of ~<i>Abies lasiocarpa - Picea engelmannii / Menziesia ferruginea / Clintonia uniflora</i> Forest (CEGL005893)$$, is strongly dominated by <i>Xerophyllum tenax</i>; <i>Arnica cordifolia, Arnica latifolia, Goodyera oblongifolia, Viola orbiculata</i>, and <i>Orthilia secunda</i> are the only forbs approaching or exceeding 50% constancy. |
Comm #8466
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Abies lasiocarpa - Picea engelmannii / Menziesia ferruginea / Streptopus amplexifolius Woodland
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accession code: VB.CC.32241.CEGL005897
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
0
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This association has been described primarily as a linear to small-patch type within the northern Rocky Mountains of the U.S. and Canada. It is found from the Clearwater National Forest northward into British Columbia and Alberta, though perhaps it is best developed within northern Idaho and northwestern Montana. Virtually the only site parameter characteristic of all sampled stands is a seasonally high water table, yielding a hygric to subhydric moisture regime. This association is found from mid to upper subalpine sites with elevations ranging from 1340 to 2075 m. It is found on all degrees of slope, in all slope positions and occupying all aspects, with no particular condition considered modal. It should be inferred from the dense canopy of <i>Menziesia ferruginea</i> (accompanied by <i>Rhododendron albiflorum</i> in northern Idaho-eastern Washington) that these sites are also relatively cold. Parent materials run the gamut from sedimentary to intrusive igneous to glacial till and drift with compaction layers. Throughout much of this association's range a high ash content is present when the type occurs on north- and east-facing slopes. The tree canopy is relatively open, seldom exceeding 60% combined cover and dominated by a combination of <i>Picea engelmannii</i> and <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i>, that can vary between the extremes of nearly monospecific dominance of either species. The undergrowth is dominated by a dense shrub layer, often exceeding 60% canopy cover, in which <i>Menziesia ferruginea</i> is diagnostic and <i>Vaccinium membranaceum</i> approaches 100% constancy. Other shrubs consistently present include <i>Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata, Rubus parviflorus, Ribes lacustre</i>, and <i>Sorbus</i> spp. (predominantly <i>Sorbus sitchensis</i>). The graminoid component is decidedly sparse with only <i>Bromus vulgaris</i> and <i>Luzula glabrata var. hitchcockii</i> being present in more than a third of the sampled stands. Other graminoids present only occasionally, but indicative of a high moisture status, include <i>Cinna latifolia, Calamagrostis canadensis, Vahlodea atropurpurea (= Deschampsia atropurpurea)</i>, and <i>Carex disperma</i>. The forb layer is generally quite species-rich with dominance shifting between any number of species indicative of mesic to relatively wet conditions. The relatively tall forb species considered diagnostic for the type include <i>Athyrium filix-femina</i> (considerably less robust, however, than when occurring in the <i>Thuja plicata</i> alliance), <i>Angelica arguta, Angelica dawsonii, Streptopus amplexifolius, Senecio triangularis, Erigeron peregrinus, Mertensia ciliata, Mertensia paniculata, Aconitum columbianum, Ligusticum canbyi, Veratrum viride, Heracleum maximum</i>, and <i>Trautvetteria caroliniensis</i>; diagnostic forbs of shorter stature include <i>Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Mitella breweri, Mitella pentandra</i>, and <i>Viola glabella</i>. |
Comm #8467
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Juniperus virginiana - Leptopus phyllanthoides Intermittently Flooded Shrubland Alliance
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accession code: VB.CC.17761.JUNIPERUSVIRGIN
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Southeastern Ecology Working Gro... |
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This alliance includes mixed evergreen-deciduous shrublands on exposed bedrock in the highest portions of riverine scour zones. Species present include Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana, Leptopus phyllanthoides (= Andrachne phyllanthoides), Quercus nigra, and Ilex vomitoria. The shrub vegetation is maintained by flash flooding events. These areas are scoured by floods that reach 5 m or more above normal summer pools. This vegetation is currently defined only from the Ouachita Mountain region of eastern Oklahoma. More information is needed to better define the range of this alliance. |
Comm #8468
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II.C.4
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accession code: VB.CC.190.IIC4
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #8469
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Populus tremuloides - Abies lasiocarpa - Picea engelmannii / Streptopus amplexifolius Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.32204.CEGL005908
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Western Ecology Working Group of... |
0
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This mesic to subhygric, montane to lower subalpine association is located on cool, moist toeslopes to midslopes on both sides of the Continental Divide of Glacier National Park, Montana. It occurs on mostly moderate to gentle toeslopes and midslopes between 1450 and 1830 m (4760-6000 feet) elevation on the east side of the Continental Divide and near 1120 m (3680 feet) west of the Continental Divide. This type generally occurs on north- and west-facing slopes; it can also occur on south-facing slopes. Soils are well- to somewhat poorly drained silty clay loams that are medium to dark in color and have little rock content. These are also classified as Orthic Grey Luvisols and Orthic Regosols within Waterton Lakes National Park and occur on glacio-fluvial and morainal landforms. Litter comprises 40-75% of the ground cover. This is a moist, mixed evergreen-deciduous wet forest. Tree canopy ranges from 10-70%. <i>Picea engelmannii, Populus tremuloides, Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa</i>, and <i>Abies lasiocarpa</i> are the most frequent tree species. <i>Pinus contorta</i> and <i>Betula papyrifera</i> also occur infrequently in the overstory. Tree height averages 10-20 m, although trees can reach 35 m in height, and stand age ranges from 120 to 160 years. Shrub cover is variable, ranging between 0 and 70%, and includes <i>Rubus parviflorus, Cornus sericea, Amelanchier alnifolia, Ribes lacustre, Lonicera utahensis, Acer glabrum, Salix geyeriana</i>, and <i>Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata</i>. Other shrubs less frequently encountered include <i>Symphoricarpos albus, Symphoricarpos occidentalis, Shepherdia canadensis, Spiraea betulifolia</i>, and <i>Rosa acicularis</i>. Herbaceous cover is high, ranging from 40-90%. The diagnostic forb for this association is <i>Streptopus amplexifolius</i>, which is always accompanied by other species such as <i>Senecio triangularis, Mitella pentandra, Mitella breweri, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Angelica arguta, Athyrium filix-femina, Trautvetteria caroliniensis</i>, and <i>Trollius laxus</i>. Dominant species include <i>Thalictrum occidentale</i> and <i>Heracleum maximum</i>, although <i>Actaea rubra, Chamerion angustifolium, Eucephalus engelmannii, Geranium richardsonii, Maianthemum racemosum ssp. amplexicaule, Fragaria virginiana</i>, and <i>Lathyrus ochroleucus</i> are commonly present. <i>Maianthemum stellatum, Arnica cordifolia, Eurybia conspicua (= Aster conspicuus), Osmorhiza occidentalis, Bromus vulgaris, Veratrum viride</i>, and <i>Viola canadensis</i> are also relatively common. Nonvascular cover ranges from 5-20%. |
Comm #8470
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CEGL007179
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accession code: VB.CC.7006.CEGL007179
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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