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Name
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Reference
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Plots↓
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Description |
Comm #8621
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CEGL003074
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accession code: VB.CC.5283.CEGL003074
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #8622
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CEGL000970
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accession code: VB.CC.3572.CEGL000970
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #8623
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Quercus alba - Quercus stellata - Quercus velutina / Cornus florida / Andropogon gerardii Woodland
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accession code: VB.CC.31216.CEGL006434
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Eastern Ecology Working Group of... |
0
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This formerly open white oak woodland occurs in remnant and degraded patches in the Western Allegheny Plateau and is now extremely rare. Historically this appears to have been the dominant community type found in the larger preglacial Teays River valleys in the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau. The vegetation was described as open and park-like with a well-developed herbaceous layer comprised of a dry-mesic prairie association. It occurred on the slightly drier slopes and on well-drained level land underlain by lacustrine clays (Minford silts). Soils are subject to severe-moderate woody seedling mortality and windthrow of large trees. During dry periods, the hardened clays stop the movement by capillary action of water from deeper, wetter subsoil to near the surface. This results in droughty soils in the summer and autumn. The hardened clays (along with saturated soil conditions at other times) also restrict the downward growth of plant roots and hinders activity by burrowing animals. Species dominance ranged from pure stands of <i>Quercus alba</i> to <i>Quercus alba</i> and <i>Quercus velutina</i> to <i>Quercus alba</i> and <i>Carya ovata</i>. The community appears to have existed more as an open woodland than a forest. The timber was often of poor stature with incomplete canopy cover. Additional canopy species probably included <i>Carya ovalis, Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus stellata</i>, and <i>Quercus imbricaria</i>. The understory was dominated by <i>Cornus florida</i>. Also common was <i>Lindera benzoin, Corylus americana, Crataegus</i> spp., and <i>Malus coronaria (= Pyrus coronaria)</i>. The understory was frequently open, and apparently extensive barrens were present. The herbaceous layer was dominated by <i>Andropogon gerardii</i> and <i>Sorghastrum nutans</i>. Additional species included <i>Asclepias hirtella, Euphorbia corollata, Helianthus giganteus, Helianthus mollis, Lespedeza capitata, Oenothera fruticosa, Penstemon digitalis, Solidago nemoralis</i>, and <i>Viola sagittata</i>. Degraded remnants are often dominated by <i>Pinus virginiana</i>, with widely scattered <i>Pinus rigida, Quercus alba, Quercus imbricaria, Quercus stellata</i>, and <i>Quercus velutina</i> in a discontinuous canopy. Shrub species include <i>Cornus florida, Hypericum prolificum, Spiraea tomentosa</i>, and <i>Rhus copallinum</i>. <i>Danthonia spicata</i> is a dominant herb. Other herbaceous associates may also include <i>Schizachyrium scoparium, Andropogon virginicus, Aristida oligantha, Aristida dichotoma, Pycnanthemum tenuifolium, Desmodium ciliare, Polygala sanguinea, Scutellaria integrifolia, Hypericum drummondii</i>, and <i>Euthamia graminifolia (= Solidago graminifolia)</i>. |
Comm #8624
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CEGL007759
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accession code: VB.CC.7358.CEGL007759
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #8625
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CEGL007760
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accession code: VB.CC.7359.CEGL007760
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #8626
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CEGL000564
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accession code: VB.CC.3173.CEGL000564
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #8627
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CEGL000568
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accession code: VB.CC.3177.CEGL000568
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #8628
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A.610
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accession code: VB.CC.2251.A610
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Woodlands included in this alliance occur from the Great Lakes and northern Great Plains to the interior northwestern United States. Elevations range from up to 2900 m in Montana and Oregon to less than 500 m in the lake states. Climate is temperate, continental and ranges from semi-arid to subhumid. Stands have a sparse to moderately dense canopy of the cold-deciduous broad-leaved tree ~Populus tremuloides$, 5-20 m tall. Other trees may include scattered conifers in the western extent or several deciduous broad-leaved trees from the Great Plains to the Great Lakes. Stands may have irregular canopies of young and old trees, or tall, dense immature trees, or mature trees. Often these stands are found on rocky, dry or disturbed sites that limited the density of tree canopy. The shrub layer can be sparse, but is often dense and diverse especially in the plains. The herbaceous layer is sparse to moderately dense and is typically dominated by graminoids. In the northern Great Plains and western Great Lakes area these ~Populus tremuloides$-dominated stands may have an abundance of ~Acer rubrum, Populus balsamifera$, or ~Populus grandidentata$. ~Betula papyrifera, Fraxinus pennsylvanica$, and ~Quercus macrocarpa$ are common associates. The shrub layer is well-developed, with 40-90% cover in northwestern Minnesota. Common shrub species include ~Amelanchier alnifolia, Corylus$ spp., ~Prunus virginiana, Ribes aureum, Rosa$ spp., and ~Symphoricarpos occidentalis$. ~Cornus sericea$ and ~Salix$ spp. are common on wetter sites. The herbaceous layer is not as well-developed as the shrub layer but is still significant. ~Andropogon gerardii, Aralia nudicaulis, Galium boreale, Maianthemum canadense$, and ~Maianthemum stellatum$ are typically found in the herbaceous layer. ^In the western United States, scattered conifers of ~Pinus ponderosa$ or ~Pinus contorta$ may be present in these stands. Shrubs have a sparse to moderately dense layer (10-60% cover) dominated by ~Symphoricarpos albus, Amelanchier alnifolia$ or ~Physocarpus malvaceus$ with scattered ~Ribes lacustre$. The graminoid layer is also sparse to moderately dense (3-40% canopy cover) and is dominated by the perennial grass ~Elymus glaucus$ with ~Carex$ spp. The sparse to moderately dense (10-40% cover) and often diverse forb layer includes ~Achillea millefolium, Fragaria virginiana, Galium$ spp., ~Geum macrophyllum, Maianthemum stellatum, Osmorhiza$ spp., and ~Veratrum californicum$. Exotic grasses, such as the perennial ~Poa pratensis$, are often common in stands disturbed by grazing. Stands are largely limited to gentle (0-20%) slopes but may be steep in mountains and canyons. Canopy cover of these ~Populus tremuloides$ woodlands is limited by environmental factors such as aridity, poor site conditions or frequent disturbance. Sites vary with geography. Near the Great Lakes, this alliance occurs on rocky sites with shallow soils and exposed patches of granite bedrock. In the Great Plains, it is found on well-drained, moderately deep to deep loam soils. Along the prairie-forest border, this alliance can be found on dry-mesic to wet-mesic sites on flat to rolling topography. In northwestern Montana, stands are found on steep scree slopes in the Mission Mountains. In Oregon, stands occur in riparian and seepage areas in the mountains, foothills and plains. Sites include floodplains, valley bottoms, footslopes, mesic basins and draws, and at higher elevations rocky slopes on mountains and canyonsides. In more mesic areas sites are often transitional between true riparian and upland. Soils are derived from alluvium, ash and colluvium. Soil texture ranges from fine sandy loam to clay loam. Adjacent vegetation includes deciduous and coniferous forests in more mesic areas, and grasslands and shrublands where more xeric. |
Comm #8629
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CEGL003078
» more details
accession code: VB.CC.5287.CEGL003078
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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Comm #8630
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A.1535
» more details
accession code: VB.CC.1295.A1535
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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EcoArt 2002 |
0
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This alliance is locally restricted in the northern Great Plains to saline sites. It is dominated by herbaceous species, but the presence of shrubs sets it apart from similar types found on saline soil. Total vegetation cover is open to moderate, with bare soil common. ~Distichlis spicata$ and ~Puccinellia nuttalliana$ dominate the herbaceous layer, accompanied by ~Symphyotrichum ericoides (= Aster ericoides), Grindelia squarrosa, Hordeum jubatum, Pascopyrum smithii, Plantago$ spp., and ~Salicornia rubra$ (on more saline inclusions). ~Sarcobatus vermiculatus, Artemisia frigida$, and ~Artemisia tridentata$ form a sparse shrub layer only rarely exceeding 25%. ^This alliance is found on terraces, floodplains, swales and other low sites where drainage is poor. The soils are moderately to strongly saline, fine-textured, and moderately deep to deep. Although periodic flooding is rare, stands of this alliance receive more water than the surrounding uplands through runoff. |
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