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Reference
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Description |
Comm #861
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Vulpia microstachys – Selaginella hansenii Association
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org/vegbranch:commConcept:28750-{84D8ADD6-A130-4EF7-9044-B67D84D33C9F}
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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MCV2 |
22
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Comm #862
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Quercus stellata - Carya carolinae-septentrionalis / Acer leucoderme / Piptochaetium avenaceum - Danthonia spicata Woodland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32580-{CC40F557-187C-4666-995E-A8DB2893AE2A}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
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Piedmont woodlands of dry, upland, montmorillonitic clay soils derived from mafic volcanic rocks. The canopy is dominated by <i>Quercus stellata</i> and <i>Carya carolinae-septentrionalis</i> with <i>Ulmus alata, Fraxinus americana, Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana, Carya glabra</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum var. rubrum</i>. Other characteristic tree species include <i>Quercus alba, Quercus velutina</i>, and <i>Quercus montana</i>. The sparse understory contains <i>Cornus florida, Acer leucoderme, Crataegus uniflora, Crataegus marshallii, Cercis canadensis var. canadensis, Diospyros virginiana, Rosa carolina, Vaccinium stamineum, Vaccinium arboreum</i>, among other species. Characteristic species in the herbaceous layer include <i>Piptochaetium avenaceum, Danthonia spicata, Galium circaezans, Gelsemium sempervirens, Scleria triglomerata, Smilax bona-nox, Smilax glauca</i>, and <i>Vitis rotundifolia</i>. |
Comm #863
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Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa / Cornus sericea Riparian Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29581-{47B3A4CD-C384-4DFA-A18E-23F5B51A449B}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
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This association has been documented from Washington south to northern California and eastward to Idaho and Montana west of the Continental Divide, as well as central Montana. It occurs over a broad elevation range of 610 to 2135 m (2000-7000 feet) where <i>Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa</i> is the dominant cottonwood at elevations considered relatively low to mid gradient. This forest type occupies alluvial terraces of major rivers and streams, point bars, side bars, mid-channel bars, delta bars, an occasional lake or pond margin, and even creeps onto footslopes and lower subirrigated slopes of hilly or mountainous terrain. Stands occasionally occur on upper positions of moderate to steep toeslopes and colluvial fans at the base of avalanche chutes. Many of these sites are flooded in the spring and dry deeply by summer's end; capillary action keeps upper portions of the soil profile moist. Other sites are merely subirrigated. <i>Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa</i> dominates the overstory with average cover values ranging from approximately 30-90%. <i>Populus angustifolia, Populus tremuloides, Betula papyrifera</i>, and <i>Salix amygdaloides</i> are common subordinates. Several conifer species can be present with low cover (2-10%) in the upper canopy or as young saplings and are never consistently present. Conifers include <i>Tsuga heterophylla, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies lasiocarpa</i>, and <i>Picea engelmannii</i>. The shrub layer comprises at least 25% cover, with <i>Cornus sericea</i> diagnostic for the type and having anywhere from 1-90% cover; other shrub taxa with high constancy include <i>Symphoricarpos</i> spp., <i>Rosa</i> spp., <i>Salix</i> spp., <i>Crataegus</i> spp., <i>Amelanchier alnifolia, Salix lutea, Acer glabrum</i>, and <i>Alnus incana</i>. There are no graminoids exhibiting high constancy, though any one of a number of disturbance-associated exotics can manifest high coverages. Native grasses such as <i>Calamagrostis canadensis, Glyceria striata</i>, and <i>Deschampsia cespitosa</i> can be abundant in undisturbed stands, but this is increasingly less common. <i>Maianthemum stellatum, Galium triflorum, Solidago canadensis</i>, and <i>Equisetum</i> spp. are the only forbs that exhibit even relatively high constancy across the range of the type. |
Comm #864
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Alnus incana / Mesic Graminoids Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30057-{B4EE8E90-25A6-4C7B-A594-D3A0CEE17EC1}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
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This shrubland association is a widespread community of limited extent in the western states of Idaho, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Nevada. Stands occur in narrow to moderately wide floodplains on stream benches, in association with abandoned meanders, on islands and pointbars, and on hillside seeps. These shrublands are characterized by stands of medium-tall and tall, deciduous shrubs and a thick herbaceous undergrowth of wetland-indicator grasses, and little to no overstory tree canopy. Total shrub cover is usually over 50% and is dominated by <i>Alnus incana</i>, the diagnostic shrub. Other shrubs include <i>Salix</i> spp., <i>Betula occidentalis</i>, and <i>Cornus sericea</i>. The understory of undisturbed stands has a dense herbaceous cover including <i>Glyceria</i> spp., <i>Calamagrostis canadensis, Elymus glaucus, Carex</i> spp., and <i>Equisetum</i> spp. Heavily disturbed stands have abundant non-native grasses. In Nevada, Utah, southeastern Idaho, and Wyoming, this type is considered a grazing-induced community derived from ~<i>Alnus incana</i> / Mesic Forbs Wet Shrubland (CEGL001147)$$. However, several stands in Colorado are undisturbed and the undergrowth is dominated by native graminoid cover. |
Comm #865
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Pascopyrum smithii - Bouteloua gracilis - Carex filifolia Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30488-{2B91FBBC-061C-4B84-A2E8-DF30ACE8A983}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
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This western wheatgrass prairie community occurs throughout much of the northwestern Great Plains of the United States and Canada, on flat or gently sloping terrain. Many stands are on floodplains or gentle valley slopes. Some are on uplands. The soils are clay loam, silt loam, or loam and usually deep and fertile. This community is dominated by medium and short graminoids. The midgrass stratum is dominated by <i>Pascopyrum smithii</i> or <i>Elymus lanceolatus</i>. Common associates include <i>Koeleria macrantha, Hesperostipa comata</i>, and <i>Nassella viridula</i>. <i>Hesperostipa comata</i> is more common on the upper slopes and drier upland sites with sandier soils, whereas <i>Nassella viridula</i> is more common on the lower slopes and floodplains with finer-textured soils. The most common short graminoid is <i>Bouteloua gracilis</i>. Other common graminoids include <i>Carex filifolia, Carex inops ssp. heliophila, Carex duriuscula</i>, and <i>Carex pensylvanica</i>. Forbs do not contribute much of the canopy cover but they are scattered throughout this community. Typical forbs are <i>Tragopogon dubius, Gaura coccinea, Hedeoma hispida, Phlox hoodii</i> and <i>Sphaeralcea coccinea</i>. |
Comm #866
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Caltha leptosepala Wet Meadow
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30863-{53F520AE-2616-4B88-8CE6-B4C5E1DDFC68}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
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This wet meadow association occurs in the Rocky Mountains from Colorado to Montana, west into Utah and Idaho. Stands occur in the subalpine and lower alpine zones on perennially saturated ground in narrow forest openings to broad mountain valley bottoms and is often associated with shallow seeps on hillslopes. This association typically occupies seeps, streamsides, springs, and wet, subirrigated meadows and on slopes up to 30%. Substrates are always saturated at the surface with moderate to high water-holding capacity and fine-loamy, fine, and clayey skeletal particle size classes. Soils are somewhat variable, ranging in texture from organic muck and peat to sandy loam to fine-textured and originating from organic deposits, glacial-fluvial deposits, or granitic igneous rock. Litter and duff are typically 10-20% cover, and moss can cover up to 50% of the ground surface. The vegetation is characterized by a moderate to dense (30-100% cover) herbaceous layer dominated by <i>Caltha leptosepala</i> and low cover of <i>Cardamine cordifolia</i> and <i>Rhodiola rhodantha</i>. Many graminoids and forbs that tolerate long-term soil saturation may also be present. <i>Carex aquatilis</i> is very common and is sometimes a codominant with <i>Caltha leptosepala</i>. <i>Deschampsia cespitosa</i> may be present in small amounts. Other common associates include graminoids <i>Calamagrostis canadensis, Carex aquatilis</i> (and many other wet sedges), <i>Eleocharis</i> spp., <i>Poa arctica, Juncus drummondii</i>, and forbs <i>Arnica mollis, Erigeron peregrinus, Equisetum arvense, Ligusticum tenuifolium, Oxypolis fendleri, Parnassia fimbriata, Pedicularis groenlandica, Polygonum bistortoides, Senecio triangularis, Sibbaldia procumbens, Stellaria umbellata, Swertia perennis</i>, and <i>Trollius laxus ssp. albiflorus</i>. Scattered shrubs may be present. Stands can be recognized by the prominence of <i>Caltha leptosepala</i>, a near absence of shrubs, and low cover of <i>Cardamine cordifolia</i> and <i>Rhodiola rhodantha</i>. In forest openings this association is found with <i>Salix planifolia</i> shrublands and <i>Carex aquatilis</i> and <i>Senecio triangularis</i> meadows. On high-elevation peatlands it occurs with stands of <i>Eleocharis quinqueflora</i> and <i>Salix planifolia</i> shrublands. |
Comm #867
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Quercus chrysolepis – Umbellularia californica / Vitis californica Riparian Association
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org/vegbranch:commConcept:28824-{A1D942A0-A701-4EC3-99B7-4B1F50182E23}
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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Northern Sierra Nevada Foothills Report |
22
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Comm #868
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Schedonorus (arundinaceus, pratensis) Ruderal Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32894-{CDB07B7C-8BD9-4E72-AF35-751B0F59D5B9}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
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This association includes grassland pastures and hayfields, more-or-less cultural, though sometimes no longer actively maintained. It is currently defined for the Central and Southern Appalachians, Ozarks, Ouachita Mountains, and parts of the Piedmont and Interior Low Plateau, but it is possible throughout much of the eastern United States and southern Canada. The dominant species in this type are the European "tall or meadow fescues" (<i>Schedonorus</i> spp.) of uncertain and controversial generic placement. Several other exotic grasses, including <i>Agrostis gigantea, Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Phleum pratense</i>, and <i>Poa pratensis</i>, are common associates. These communities are sometimes nearly monospecific but can also be very diverse and contain many native as well as exotic species of grasses, sedges, and forbs. Exotic forbs include the legumes <i>Lespedeza cuneata, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium pratense</i>, and <i>Trifolium repens</i>, as well as <i>Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis, Calystegia sepium, Daucus carota, Leucanthemum vulgare, Oxalis stricta</i>, and <i>Plantago lanceolata</i>. Common native herbs include <i>Apocynum cannabinum, Desmodium canescens, Dichanthelium clandestinum, Erigeron annuus, Fragaria virginiana, Potentilla simplex, Solanum carolinense, Solidago canadensis</i>, and <i>Verbesina occidentalis</i>. |
Comm #869
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Zizaniopsis miliacea Tidal Marsh
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33484-{C8485A95-D2AD-413A-A0FD-94B4421394AF}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
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This community occurs along the southeastern coast of the United States from Virginia to possibly Florida and Louisiana. It comprises tidal marshes, often occurring as fringing marshes, dominated by <i>Zizaniopsis miliacea</i>. These marshes are found where water levels are stabilized by daily tides or other phenomena. Other dominants that may occur include <i>Zizania aquatica, Pontederia cordata, Peltandra virginica</i>; other common plants are <i>Saccharum giganteum, Rhynchospora corniculata, Cicuta maculata</i>, and <i>Boltonia asteroides</i>. In Virginia, common associates include <i>Leersia oryzoides</i> and <i>Polygonum punctatum</i>. |
Comm #870
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Magnolia virginiana - Nyssa biflora / Carpinus caroliniana / Thelypteris noveboracensis - Athyrium filix-femina Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33501-{4651CC38-C9AD-4A2A-8E80-F40442550490}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
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This saturated streamhead forest community occurs in the East Gulf Coastal Plain and South Atlantic Coastal Plain in streamheads and downstream along the margins of small acidic streams, where groundwater seepage rather than overbank flooding controls the vegetation. The canopy is dominated by the nominal species, <i>Magnolia virginiana</i> and <i>Nyssa biflora</i>; <i>Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum var. trilobum</i> are often also prominent. Other canopy species can include <i>Pinus taeda, Quercus nigra</i>, and <i>Quercus laurifolia</i>. Stands in Florida may contain <i>Nyssa ogeche</i>. The subcanopy typically contains canopy species (especially <i>Magnolia virginiana</i> and <i>Acer rubrum var. trilobum</i>) and <i>Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana, Persea palustris, Cyrilla racemiflora</i>, and <i>Ilex opaca var. opaca</i>. These species may also occur in the shrub stratum, along with <i>Arundinaria tecta, Decumaria barbara, Illicium floridanum, Itea virginica, Ditrysinia fruticosa, Smilax laurifolia, Smilax rotundifolia, Toxicodendron radicans, Vaccinium elliottii, Vaccinium formosum, Viburnum nudum</i>, and <i>Vitis rotundifolia</i>. Within its range, <i>Pieris phillyreifolia</i> may be found climbing on the bark of trees. Herbs are generally fairly sparse, consisting primarily of <i>Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides, Boehmeria cylindrica, Carex leptalea, Carex venusta, Chasmanthium laxum, Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, Elephantopus carolinianus, Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, Peltandra virginica, Thelypteris noveboracensis</i>, and <i>Woodwardia areolata</i>. <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. may be patchily common. |
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