| Add/Drop |
Name
|
Reference
|
Plots↓
|
Description |
Comm #871
|
Chamaecyparis thyoides / Persea palustris / Lyonia lucida - Ilex coriacea Swamp Forest
» more details
accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34794-{963BEEC6-3861-4E2F-963C-931C07BB47B4}
|
NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
|
This Atlantic white-cedar forest is found in flat, non-alluvial peatlands, on organic soils that are permanently saturated. Its range is the Atlantic Coastal Plain in southern Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, and possibly South Carolina. Typical occurrences have a canopy strongly dominated by <i>Chamaecyparis thyoides</i>, with scattered <i>Acer rubrum, Nyssa biflora</i>, and <i>Persea palustris</i> in the canopy and subcanopy. An open to dense shrub stratum typically contains <i>Persea palustris, Lyonia lucida, Clethra alnifolia, Ilex glabra, Ilex coriacea, Smilax laurifolia, Vaccinium formosum, Vaccinium corymbosum</i> (in Maryland only), <i>Magnolia virginiana</i>, and <i>Gaylussacia frondosa</i>. The herb stratum is generally very sparse but may include <i>Woodwardia areolata, Woodwardia virginica</i>, and <i>Osmunda cinnamomea</i>. <i>Sphagnum</i> spp., other mosses, and lichens are common on exposed peat and rotting wood. Establishment follows fire with a return time of 25-100+ years. |
Comm #872
|
Picea rubens - (Tsuga canadensis) / Rhododendron maximum Forest
» more details
accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34800-{76037ED7-DB2E-47EE-8B9E-79AB3653D268}
|
NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
|
This association includes moist slope forests of the Central and Southern Appalachians. <i>Abies fraseri</i> is a minor component or entirely absent. These communities can occur on high-elevation boulderfields, ridges and steep slopes, as well as sheltered lower slopes above 945 m (3100 feet). This association occurs in the lower elevations of the range of <i>Picea rubens</i>, primarily on protected landforms such as steep to gentle slopes but also on ridges at least in parts of its range. In the Southern and Central Appalachians these are closed-canopy conifer forests dominated by <i>Picea rubens</i>, with associates <i>Tsuga canadensis, Acer pensylvanicum, Amelanchier</i> spp., <i>Betula alleghaniensis</i>, and <i>Sorbus americana</i>. This concept includes protected slope forests in the Great Smoky Mountains, as well as in West Virginia in which <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> is codominant. The shrub layer is dominated by <i>Rhododendron maximum</i>, with associates of <i>Ilex montana, Kalmia latifolia, Viburnum lantanoides</i>, and <i>Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides</i>. In some examples, the shrub layer can include a mixture of <i>Rhododendron catawbiense</i> and <i>Rhododendron maximum</i>. Other minor shrub components can include <i>Vaccinium simulatum, Vaccinium erythrocarpum</i>, and <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>. Herbaceous cover is typically sparse, but where the shrub stratum is more open, a moderate herb stratum may be developed. This can include <i>Clintonia borealis, Dryopteris campyloptera, Huperzia lucidula, Lycopodium</i> spp., <i>Medeola virginiana, Mitchella repens, Oxalis montana</i>, and <i>Rugelia nudicaulis</i> (in the Great Smoky Mountains). |
Comm #873
|
Quercus palustris - Acer rubrum / Carex grayi - Geum canadense Wet Forest
» more details
accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34832-{4F8ED252-A670-4D14-9FFC-DB06ED0FED63}
|
NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
|
This freely drained floodplain forest occurs along smaller rivers in southern New England and the northern Piedmont. The setting can range from high terraces to any broad flat area with diffuse or braided drainage. The canopy is composed of <i>Quercus palustris, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Acer rubrum, Ulmus americana</i>, and occasionally <i>Quercus bicolor, Fraxinus americana, Fraxinus nigra, Carya cordiformis, Nyssa sylvatica</i>, and/or <i>Platanus occidentalis</i>. More typically upland trees sometimes found on these terraces include <i>Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, Betula alleghaniensis, Pinus strobus</i>, and <i>Acer saccharum</i>. <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i> may be present as a small tree. The shrub layer includes <i>Lindera benzoin, Viburnum recognitum, Cornus amomum, Cornus obliqua</i>, or <i>Sambucus canadensis</i>. The herbaceous layer is variable in composition and usually dense. It can have abundant sedges, including <i>Carex lurida, Carex crinita, Carex intumescens, Carex rosea, Carex prasina, Carex lupulina</i>, or <i>Carex grayi</i>, with additional species such as <i>Cinna arundinacea, Leersia virginica, Panax trifolius, Symplocarpus foetidus, Geum canadense, Polygonum virginianum, Impatiens</i> spp., <i>Onoclea sensibilis, Athyrium filix-femina, Arisaema triphyllum, Iris versicolor, Viola sororia</i>, and <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i>. <i>Berberis thunbergii</i> and <i>Microstegium vimineum</i> are common invasive species in these forests. |
Comm #874
|
Cephalanthus occidentalis / Polygonum hydropiperoides - Panicum verrucosum Shrub Swamp
» more details
accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34889-{62E8F878-9600-4EB3-B377-B95170AB2F98}
|
NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
|
This pond community is known from the Coastal Plain of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia (and possibly other states). Examples include seasonally flooded shrublands that occur in relatively small basins that draw down entirely during dry years, exposing some bare substrate by the end of the growing season. The substrate is a shallow organic layer overlying silt loam or clay loam. <i>Cephalanthus occidentalis</i> is the dominant shrub, but <i>Decodon verticillatus</i> may also be present. Characteristic herbs are <i>Panicum verrucosum, Dulichium arundinaceum, Polygonum hydropiperoides, Torreyochloa pallida, Rhexia virginica, Polygonum amphibium, Juncus repens</i>, and <i>Panicum hemitomon</i>. Other associates may include <i>Bidens frondosa, Scirpus cyperinus, Proserpinaca palustris, Triadenum virginicum, Dichanthelium spretum, Scleria reticularis</i>, and <i>Fimbristylis autumnalis</i>. Species composition of this community tends to be variable among occurrences. |
Comm #875
|
Acer rubrum - Fraxinus (pennsylvanica, americana) / Lindera benzoin / Symplocarpus foetidus Swamp Forest
» more details
accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35050-{3A7E58CF-A509-4D6C-B479-507F42A1B964}
|
NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
|
This association is a seepage swamp dominated by <i>Acer rubrum</i> and ranging from southern New England south to the Piedmont of Virginia. It generally occurs in saturated situations on slightly sloping hillsides, along small streams, or in basins that receive overland flooding in addition to groundwater influence. In general, these swamps are moderately acidic to moderately basic and have some seepage indicators but are not particularly species-rich. Soils are shallow to moderately deep mucks over mineral soils. <i>Acer rubrum</i> dominates the canopy; <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i> or <i>Fraxinus americana</i> are usually also found in the canopy and can be codominant. <i>Fraxinus nigra</i> is not generally associated with this type at the northern portion of the range, and, if present, occurs only as scattered individuals, but this species does occur in this type in Pennsylvania. Other canopy or subcanopy associates may include <i>Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus bicolor, Quercus palustris, Prunus serotina, Fagus grandifolia, Betula lenta, Ulmus americana</i>, and <i>Ulmus rubra</i>. Conifers such as <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> or <i>Pinus strobus</i> are generally absent or occur in very low abundance. The shrub layer may be fairly open to quite dense, depending on the amount of canopy closure. Shrub species commonly include <i>Ilex verticillata, Rhododendron viscosum, Clethra alnifolia, Lindera benzoin, Cornus amomum, Alnus serrulata</i>, and less commonly <i>Vaccinium corymbosum, Lyonia ligustrina, Ilex montana, Toxicodendron vernix, Viburnum dentatum</i>, and <i>Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides</i>. The herbaceous layer is variable in cover; <i>Symplocarpus foetidus</i> and <i>Osmunda cinnamomea</i> are nearly always present. In some areas, tall ferns (<i>Osmunda cinnamomea, Onoclea sensibilis, Osmunda regalis, Thelypteris palustris, Thelypteris noveboracensis</i>) form an herbaceous canopy within which other species are scattered. Microtopography is generally pronounced, resulting from tip-ups. Tree seedlings and <i>Sphagnum</i> mosses are common on hummocks but do not in general form extensive carpets. Additional nonvascular species can include <i>Plagiomnium cuspidatum</i> and <i>Calliergon</i> spp. Invasive shrubs and herbs, including <i>Berberis thunbergii, Rosa multiflora, Lonicera morrowii, Alliaria petiolata</i>, and <i>Microstegium vimineum</i>, may be abundant. |
Comm #876
|
Bolboschoenus robustus - Spartina alterniflora Salt Marsh
» more details
accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35059-{76E2B3EB-D970-4B44-85A3-D7A62157D96C}
|
NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
|
This brackish marsh occurs as small patches on low sites in the interior of marshes on tidal rivers of Virginia and possibly elsewhere. Dominant species are <i>Bolboschoenus robustus</i> and <i>Spartina alterniflora</i>. <i>Spartina cynosuroides</i> is a nearly constant associate and frequently attains high cover. Other associates may include <i>Borrichia frutescens, Symphyotrichum tenuifolium, Distichlis spicata, Symphyotrichum novi-belgii var. novi-belgii, Typha angustifolia, Rumex verticillatus, Pontederia cordata, Echinochloa walteri, Peltandra virginica, Amaranthus cannabinus, Polygonum punctatum</i>, and <i>Leersia oryzoides</i>. In general, this association is depauperate with few other associated species. |
Comm #877
|
Acer rubrum / Alnus serrulata - Lindera benzoin / Glyceria striata - Impatiens capensis Seep Forest
» more details
accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35348-{EF0B8882-C045-46CF-AEB1-C08906591C3D}
|
NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
|
This community occurs in saturated seepage areas on the edges of active floodplains in the Piedmont and occasionally in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina and possibly South Carolina. It usually occurs in small patches and may be shaded by trees rooted in the adjacent forest or by trees rooted in the wetland. <i>Acer rubrum, Fraxinus pennsylvanica</i>, and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i> are most constant, but <i>Betula nigra</i> or other floodplain species are often present and may be abundant. The shrub layer is generally dominated by <i>Alnus serrulata</i> or <i>Lindera benzoin</i>. The herb layer is dense and grassy. <i>Glyceria striata, Cinna arundinacea</i>, and a number of <i>Carex</i> species are dominant. Other abundant herbs include <i>Impatiens capensis, Lycopus virginicus, Boehmeria cylindrica, Sagittaria latifolia</i>, and <i>Polygonum sagittatum</i>. |
Comm #878
|
Pinus strobus / Kalmia latifolia - (Vaccinium stamineum, Gaylussacia ursina) Forest
» more details
accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35413-{D67225FF-683F-400A-84BD-544E0D6D44A3}
|
NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
|
This association includes natural stands of forest vegetation with a canopy dominated by <i>Pinus strobus</i>. This community occurs at lower elevations (below 900 m) in the Southern Blue Ridge region of the Southern Appalachians on upper slopes and ridgetops protected by higher landforms. Other minor canopy species may include <i>Pinus rigida, Quercus coccinea</i>, and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. These forests often have open subcanopies composed of <i>Oxydendrum arboreum, Acer rubrum, Nyssa sylvatica</i>, and <i>Cornus florida</i>. The shrub stratum is patchy to continuous and dominated by ericaceous species, typically <i>Gaylussacia ursina</i>, or <i>Vaccinium stamineum</i>, and <i>Kalmia latifolia</i>. Other common species in the shrub/sapling stratum may include <i>Gaylussacia baccata, Vaccinium pallidum, Acer rubrum</i>, and <i>Castanea dentata</i>. Typical herbaceous species include <i>Galax urceolata, Chimaphila maculata, Goodyera pubescens, Epigaea repens, Medeola virginiana, Lysimachia quadrifolia, Uvularia puberula</i>, and <i>Chamaelirium luteum</i>. |
Comm #879
|
Pinus virginiana - Quercus montana / Quercus ilicifolia / (Hieracium greenii, Viola pedata) Woodland
» more details
accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36585-{AAA5A3E5-7680-4D13-A5FB-8C9715B6ABAE}
|
NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
|
This shale barren mixed woodland is endemic to the Central Appalachian region of west-central Virginia and eastern West Virginia and the Ridge and Valley physiographic province in Maryland. There it is widely but locally distributed in shale districts of the Ridge and Valley on strongly convex, mostly southeast- to west-facing slopes and adjacent divide crests. It is very locally represented in similar Blue Ridge landscapes underlain by shale-like metamorphic rocks. Stands range in elevation from about 300-730 m (1000-2400 feet) on moderate to steep slopes. These environments are xeric and drought-prone, with high soil temperatures and evaporation rates during the summer months. In some areas, substrates appear to be relatively stable and lack the ongoing erosional processes of the larger, steeper shale barrens. Vegetation is an open woodland dominated by <i>Pinus virginiana</i> and <i>Quercus montana</i>, usually as a mixture but occasionally with one strongly dominant. <i>Pinus pungens</i> and <i>Quercus rubra</i> are occasional canopy associates. Mean canopy cover is usually <50%, and dominant pines are <15 m tall. A sparse understory of younger <i>Pinus virginiana</i> and <i>Quercus montana</i> 6-10 m tall is usually present, often with <i>Amelanchier arborea</i>. The sparse shrub layer is characterized by patchy <i>Quercus ilicifolia</i> and tree saplings. Low-growing <i>Vaccinium pallidum</i> is the most abundant component of the short-shrub layer, sometimes occurring with <i>Vaccinium stamineum</i>. The herbaceous flora of this vegetation is depauperate. <i>Carex pensylvanica</i> and <i>Danthonia spicata</i> are typical, although at low cover. Forbs tend to be variable among sites; the most typical are <i>Hieracium greenei, Viola pedata, Houstonia longifolia</i>, and <i>Solidago bicolor</i>. Scattered individuals of the shale-barren endemics <i>Antennaria virginica, Packera antennariifolia, Paronychia montana</i>, and <i>Eriogonum allenii</i> occasionally occur in this community, particularly where stands border well-developed shale barrens. A characteristic feature of some examples of this type is ground-level dominance of <i>Cladonia</i> spp. lichens. This association differs from related shale-barren associations in its extremely depauperate flora, absence of <i>Juniperus virginiana</i>, and presence of <i>Hieracium greenei</i> and <i>Quercus ilicifolia</i>. <i>Pinus pungens</i> may occur in this type and is very rarely found in other shale barren types. |
Comm #880
|
Avena fatua - Bromus spp. Ruderal Annual Grassland Alliance
» more details
accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:39080-{EE89CE48-CFEC-40F6-9EA2-5F673E9F8EB5}
|
NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
22
|
This alliance of non-native annual grasslands and forblands is composed of cool-season, annual grasses mostly introduced from Europe. They are invasive in disturbed areas throughout much of California. The composition varies widely. Many alien annual species may be present, including <i>Aegilops triuncialis, Aira caryophyllea, Avena barbata, Avena fatua, Brachypodium distachyon, Brassica</i> spp., <i>Bromus diandrus, Bromus hordeaceus, Bromus madritensis, Centaurea melitensis, Centaurea solstitialis</i>, and <i>Cynosurus echinatus</i>. The composition of this alliance is largely determined by amount of disturbance coupled with fall temperatures and precipitation, light intensity, litter thickness and microtopography. The percentage of exotic alien species is often directly related to disturbance history with heavy disturbance correlating with heavy exotic invasion. Annual grasses are supremely adapted to the Mediterranean climate of California; many species evolved under similar conditions in southern Europe and northern Africa. Plants germinate during winter rains, and complete their life cycles by the beginning of the summer drought. Seeds often remain viable for many years. |
add all query results to datacart,
add plots on page to datacart,
drop plots on page from datacart