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Name
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Reference
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Plots↓
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Description |
Comm #81
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ABIES LASIOCARPA - PINUS ALBICAULIS ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.CC.8402.ABIESLASIOCARPA
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Jennings 2003. Vegetation alliances: composition and function. |
188
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Comm #82
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Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Quercus montana / Collinsonia canadensis - Podophyllum peltatum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35881-{BED828E1-56D2-43D1-B063-E0A80514F69F}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
187
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This association includes forests dominated by <i>Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Quercus rubra</i>, or <i>Carya glabra, Carya tomentosa</i>, or <i>Carya ovalis</i>, occurring over circumneutral soils in the Southern Blue Ridge and adjacent inner Piedmont. These forests can occur across a broad elevation range (530-1375 m [1750-4500 feet]) in exposed topographic settings (upper slopes), as well as on more protected sites (edges of coves). Presumed upper Piedmont examples may be at lower elevations (e.g., below 305 m [1000 feet]). Other species that can be important in the canopy include <i>Quercus coccinea, Quercus montana</i>, and occasionally <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> where large gaps in the canopy have allowed for its generation On some sites, species more typical of "cove forests," such as <i>Fraxinus americana</i> or <i>Magnolia acuminata</i>, may form a very minor component. <i>Oxydendrum arboreum</i> and <i>Cornus florida</i> are common in the subcanopy. Heath species (<i>Rhododendron maximum</i> or <i>Kalmia latifolia</i>) are absent or very minor in the shrub stratum. On very high-base status soils, <i>Philadelphus hirsutus</i> or <i>Lindera benzoin</i> may be in the shrub stratum. The herbaceous stratum can be quite diverse and is characterized by mesic herbs and species associated with circumneutral soils, such as <i>Podophyllum peltatum, Arisaema triphyllum, Amphicarpaea bracteata, Adiantum pedatum, Collinsonia canadensis, Asplenium platyneuron, Brachyelytrum erectum, Actaea racemosa, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Sanguinaria canadensis, Tradescantia subaspera, Euphorbia purpurea, Phegopteris hexagonoptera, Polystichum acrostichoides, Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides, Dennstaedtia punctilobula</i>, and <i>Dryopteris intermedia</i>. |
Comm #83
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Aesculus flava - Acer saccharum - (Tilia americana var. heterophylla) / Hydrophyllum canadense - Solidago flexicaulis Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35884-{C45DD8D2-C995-477C-A198-E4CA5362D5BB}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
186
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This association includes forests of protected coves in the southern Appalachian Mountains of eastern Tennessee, western North Carolina, and southwest Virginia. This type extends peripherally into the Cumberland Mountains and Ridge and Valley of southwestern Virginia. These forests are associated with nutrient-rich soils and, often, mafic geologies, and occur on steep, middle to low protected slopes and coves at 610-1400 m (2000-4600 feet) elevation. Examples of this association have deciduous forest canopies dominated by either <i>Acer saccharum, Aesculus flava, Fraxinus americana, Halesia tetraptera var. monticola</i>, or <i>Tilia americana var. heterophylla</i>, or by various combinations of these species. Other common canopy species can include <i>Carya cordiformis</i> and <i>Quercus rubra</i>. A shrub stratum is very sparse or absent, and the herbaceous stratum is dense and luxurious, with high species richness. The defining feature of this association is the lush herbaceous flora with many calciphilic species indicative of high pH or circumneutral soils. Characteristic species include <i>Asarum canadense, Carex plantaginea, Cymophyllus fraserianus, Cystopteris protrusa, Deparia acrostichoides, Diplazium pycnocarpon, Dryopteris goldieana, Hepatica nobilis var. acuta, Hydrophyllum canadense, Osmorhiza claytonii, Prosartes lanuginosa, Solidago flexicaulis</i>, and <i>Viola canadensis</i>. The herbaceous stratum can have local dominance by <i>Laportea canadensis, Viola canadensis, Dryopteris intermedia, Actaea podocarpa, Actaea racemosa</i>, and <i>Caulophyllum thalictroides</i>. This forest lacks dominance by <i>Betula alleghaniensis</i> and <i>Fagus grandifolia</i>, and has an herbaceous flora indicative of high-base status soils. This association typically has a much more diverse herbaceous stratum than other deciduous cove forests of the Southern Blue Ridge. |
Comm #84
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Liriodendron tulipifera - Tilia americana var. heterophylla - Aesculus flava - Acer saccharum / (Magnolia tripetala) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33985-{95620A94-C59B-4044-B812-9CFE020EF09C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
185
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This mixed mesophytic forest is found primarily in the Central Appalachians, Western Allegheny Plateau, and Cumberland Plateau ecoregions of the United States. Stands occur on cool, moist slopes and steep ravines or bottoms. The tree canopy is often tall, closed and contains a variety of tree species, including <i>Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, Fraxinus americana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Prunus serotina, Quercus alba</i>, and <i>Quercus rubra</i>. Trees indicative of the type include <i>Aesculus flava</i> and <i>Tilia americana var. heterophylla</i>. <i>Magnolia acuminata</i> occurs locally. <i>Acer rubrum</i> and <i>Betula lenta</i> may be common in areas with a more recent harvest history. Frequent vines and shrubs include <i>Aristolochia macrophylla, Asimina triloba, Carpinus caroliniana, Hamamelis virginiana, Lindera benzoin, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Staphylea trifolia, Toxicodendron radicans, Vitis aestivalis var. bicolor</i>, and more locally <i>Magnolia tripetala, Cercis canadensis</i>, and <i>Rhododendron maximum</i>. The herbaceous layer is extremely rich, including <i>Actaea racemosa, Adiantum pedatum, Arisaema triphyllum, Asarum canadense, Botrychium virginianum, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Claytonia virginica, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Dicentra canadensis, Dryopteris marginalis, Erythronium americanum, Galium triflorum, Geranium maculatum, Hepatica nobilis var. acuta, Hydrophyllum canadense, Hydrophyllum virginianum, Osmorhiza</i> spp., <i>Laportea canadensis, Polystichum acrostichoides, Prosartes lanuginosa, Sanguinaria canadensis, Sedum ternatum, Tiarella cordifolia, Trillium erectum, Trillium grandiflorum, Viola canadensis</i>, and many others. Spring ephemeral herbs which bloom before tree leaf-out may be abundant. |
Comm #85
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Cheatgrass Semi-natural Herbaceous Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30391.CHEATGRASSSEMIN
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NVC 2004 |
184
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Comm #86
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Quercus montana - (Quercus coccinea, Quercus rubra) / Kalmia latifolia / Vaccinium pallidum Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:34946-{57F164FE-AE5A-4DC3-830B-4445C098A270}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
184
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This chestnut oak forest occurs at relatively low elevations (mostly <900 m) in the Central Appalachians and adjacent areas (e.g., northern Piedmont), in association with dry, acidic, infertile soils on middle and upper slopes. The canopy, which may be rather short, is strongly dominated by <i>Quercus montana</i>. The most characteristic canopy associates are <i>Quercus coccinea</i>, which varies from sparse to codominant, and <i>Quercus rubra</i>. Minor associates frequently include <i>Quercus velutina, Quercus alba, Nyssa sylvatica, Sassafras albidum</i>, and/or <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>. Root sprouts of <i>Castanea dentata</i> are present in some areas. <i>Acer rubrum</i> and <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i> are often abundant in the understory tree layers. Tall shrubs include <i>Kalmia latifolia</i> (usually dominant), <i>Viburnum acerifolium</i>, and <i>Rhododendron periclymenoides</i>. The short-shrub layer is well-developed and includes <i>Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium stamineum</i>, and <i>Gaylussacia baccata</i>, any one of which can exhibit patch-dominance. The herb layer generally has sparse cover but sometimes includes scattered individuals of <i>Aureolaria laevigata, Chimaphila maculata, Comandra umbellata, Cypripedium acaule, Danthonia spicata, Epigaea repens, Gaultheria procumbens, Hieracium venosum, Lysimachia quadrifolia, Medeola virginiana, Monotropa uniflora, Pteridium aquilinum</i>, and/or <i>Uvularia puberula</i>. Strong dominance of <i>Quercus montana</i> in the canopy, strong dominance of <i>Kalmia latifolia</i> in the tall-shrub layer, and <i>Vaccinium pallidum</i> present and often abundant as a short shrub are diagnostics for this type. |
Comm #87
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PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII WOODLAND ALLIANCE
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accession code: VB.CC.13709.PSEUDOTSUGAMENZ
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Jennings 2003. Vegetation alliances: composition and function. |
182
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Comm #88
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Pinus strobus / Acer spicatum - Corylus cornuta Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31353-{F0158530-518D-4F8E-B37D-5C1B93E96C41}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
178
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This white pine forest type is found in the subboreal region of the midwestern United States and in adjacent parts of Canada. Stands occur on moderately deep to deep (>60 cm) sandy or gravelly loam soil. The canopy is dominated by <i>Pinus strobus</i>, often mixed with <i>Pinus resinosa</i>. The lower layer of the canopy consists mainly of <i>Abies balsamea</i> trees and saplings. Other trees that may be found in this layer include <i>Acer rubrum, Betula papyrifera, Betula alleghaniensis, Picea glauca</i>, and <i>Thuja occidentalis</i>. The tall-shrub/sapling layer is moderate to well-developed and consists of <i>Abies balsamea, Acer spicatum, Corylus cornuta</i>, and, less frequently, <i>Amelanchier</i> spp. The low-shrub layer is not well-developed and is dominated by <i>Diervilla lonicera, Linnaea borealis, Vaccinium myrtilloides</i> and <i>Vaccinium angustifolium</i>. The herb stratum is often sparse. Prevalent herbs include <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Eurybia macrophylla, Cornus canadensis, Maianthemum canadense, Polypodium virginianum</i>, and <i>Pteridium aquilinum</i>. Moss species include <i>Dicranum polysetum</i> and <i>Pleurozium schreberi</i>. The forest floor is generally characterized by a deep layer of pine needle litter. Diagnostic features include dominance by <i>Pinus strobus</i>, a well-developed tall-shrub layer with <i>Acer spicatum</i> and <i>Corylus cornuta</i>, and a sparse herb layer. |
Comm #89
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Pinus edulis Forest Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30756.PINUSEDULISFORE
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NVC 2004 |
176
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Comm #90
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Mountain Big Sagebrush Shrub Herbaceous Alliance
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accession code: VB.cc.30467.MOUNTAINBIGSAGE
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NVC 2004 |
170
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