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Name
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Reference
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Plots↓
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Description |
Comm #901
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Alnus incana / Cornus sericea Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30054-{30A54FF4-A59F-4C2F-B5AC-9A486978DF5A}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
21
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This riparian, tall-shrub association is present throughout Idaho and Montana, eastern Oregon and Washington, and the mountains of Colorado. It is considered a minor type throughout Utah and north-northeastern Nevada and is largely restricted to the higher, more northerly mountains of California. This type is predominantly present in narrow V-shaped canyons between 1219 and 2438 m (4000-8000 feet) elevation on gentle undulating, low to moderate-height terraces of various aspects. Stands primarily occupy streambanks but may also be found on floodplains and alluvial bars. Soils are of a sandy loam formed by fluvial deposits. <i>Alnus incana</i> dominates the low tree overstory with a dense shrub layer of <i>Cornus sericea</i>. Common shrubs usually intermixed within this layer include <i>Amelanchier alnifolia, Lonicera involucrata, Ribes hudsonianum, Rosa</i> spp., <i>Salix</i> spp., and <i>Symphoricarpos oreophilus</i>. The density of the shrub layer determines the presence of the herbaceous understory. When present, common species include <i>Agrostis stolonifera, Angelica arguta, Calamagrostis canadensis, Equisetum arvense, Galium</i> spp. and <i>Maianthemum stellatum</i>. |
Comm #902
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Salix boothii / Mesic Forbs Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30089-{87A611D6-16FE-4C4C-A2A9-2EC571470B30}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
21
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This association is known from southern and central Idaho, western Montana, western Colorado, Utah, California, and Wyoming. Stands are found over a broad range of elevations from 1370-3050 m (4500-10,000 feet), in riparian areas on stream benches, meadows, and seeps located in narrow or broad valley bottoms. Soils are often organic. The vegetation has a 1- to 2-m tall-shrub layer that often forms extensive thickets, or willow carrs, on broad montane floodplains. The overstory of this shrubland association is dominated by <i>Salix boothii</i>. <i>Salix geyeriana</i> or <i>Salix drummondiana</i> may codominate. <i>Salix wolfii, Lonicera involucrata</i>, and/or <i>Ribes inerme</i> commonly form a low-shrub layer, generally tucked under the bases of the taller willows. The dense herbaceous understory is dominated by forbs. No one species in dominant or consistently present in all stands; however, when taken together, the total forb cover is greater than the total graminoid cover. Forb species typically include <i>Heracleum maximum, Mertensia</i> spp., <i>Maianthemum stellatum, Symphyotrichum foliaceum, Aconitum columbianum, Cirsium arvense, Fragaria virginiana, Geranium viscosissimum, Hydrophyllum fendleri, Urtica dioica</i>, and <i>Rudbeckia occidentalis</i>. Although highly variable, graminoid cover is typically less than 20%. Graminoid species include <i>Poa pratensis, Carex microptera, Calamagrostis canadensis, Agrostis gigantea</i>, and <i>Phleum pratense</i>. |
Comm #903
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Encelia farinosa Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30160-{17C74535-B6BA-4811-BC80-8C48FBEE5382}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
21
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Comm #904
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Pascopyrum smithii - Nassella viridula Grassland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30492-{C93ABF3E-CB6E-4DA5-A1F7-105A96016A38}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
21
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This western wheatgrass - needlegrass community is common across much of the northern Great Plains of the United States and possibly Canada. Stands occur in narrow valleys, on stream terraces, and on rolling uplands. The soils are usually loams with well-developed profiles. It is dominated by mid grasses with a moderate to high vegetation cover. The dominant species are <i>Pascopyrum smithii</i> and <i>Nassella viridula</i>. Other mid grasses in this community are <i>Elymus lanceolatus, Hesperostipa comata, Koeleria macrantha, Poa</i> spp., <i>Sporobolus cryptandrus</i>, and, on sandier soils, <i>Calamovilfa longifolia</i>. Shorter graminoids are common, including <i>Bouteloua gracilis, Carex duriuscula, Carex filifolia</i>, and <i>Carex inops ssp. heliophila</i>. Where it is present within the range of this community, <i>Carex pensylvanica</i> may be abundant. The forbs <i>Astragalus</i> spp., <i>Achillea millefolium, Sphaeralcea coccinea, Artemisia ludoviciana</i>, and <i>Lepidium densiflorum</i> are also typical of this community. |
Comm #905
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Quercus montana - Quercus stellata - Pinus echinata / Vaccinium pallidum / Schizachyrium scoparium Scrub
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33679-{DE1CCE2F-F93E-4BE7-BF5F-CB302262F8DB}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
21
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This community is an open xeric woodland occurring over thin soils over shallow bedrock but without substantial rock outcrop. <i>Quercus montana, Quercus stellata, Pinus echinata</i>, and <i>Pinus virginiana</i> are the predominant trees, in varying proportions. Other trees may include <i>Juniperus virginiana, Quercus marilandica, Quercus alba</i>, and <i>Carya glabra</i>. The undergrowth may be dominated either by grasses or by short clonal shrubs such as <i>Vaccinium pallidum</i> or <i>Gaylussacia baccata</i>. Grassy areas are generally dominated by <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i>, but may include <i>Danthonia spicata, Piptochaetium avenaceum, Andropogon gerardii, Andropogon ternarius, Andropogon gyrans</i>, and <i>Sorghastrum nutans</i>. A variety of forbs may also be present, including <i>Tephrosia virginiana, Pityopsis graminifolia, Pteridium aquilinum, Parthenium integrifolium, Cunila origanoides</i>, and <i>Coreopsis verticillata</i>. This community is known from North Carolina and has been reported from Georgia. No examples are known in Virginia. It may possibly be found in South Carolina. |
Comm #906
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Eleocharis quinqueflora Fen
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30745-{E369BA43-4ABC-435D-9F8B-8CB041C606C3}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
21
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This wetland association is found in the upper subalpine and lower alpine in the western United States and forms uniform peatland communities. Sites can occur in wet basins, stream terraces, ponds, cirque basins, and marshy meadows associated with seeps. Substrates are typically poorly drained, nutrient-poor, organic soils that are wet or saturated throughout the summer. Surface layers may dry out in late summer on some sites. Peat layers range from thin peat over quartzite sands to deep peat occasionally as deep as 2 m. The vegetation is characterized by a moderately dense to dense herbaceous layer that is strongly dominated by <i>Eleocharis quinqueflora</i>. <i>Carex aquatilis</i> is a common graminoid associate that may codominate some stands. Vegetation growth is relatively sparse compared to other wetlands, especially in higher elevation stands. Other graminoids may include <i>Carex buxbaumii, Carex illota, Carex jonesii, Carex lachenalii</i> (on extremely nutrient-poor sites), <i>Carex scopulorum, Carex utriculata, Deschampsia cespitosa</i>, and <i>Eleocharis rostellata</i>. Forb cover is generally low but often includes <i>Caltha leptosepala, Dodecatheon alpinum, Oreostemma alpigenum, Pedicularis groenlandica</i>, and <i>Polygonum bistortoides</i>. Scattered shrubs may also be present, such as <i>Betula glandulosa</i> or <i>Salix planifolia</i>. Diagnostic of this herbaceous wetland community is the dominance or codominance of <i>Eleocharis quinqueflora</i> and the presence of surface water for extended periods during the growing season. |
Comm #907
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Thuja occidentalis - (Picea mariana, Abies balsamea) / Alnus incana Swamp Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31364-{A63A1A46-7AA7-4B9B-B544-1516A259EED9}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
21
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This subboreal white-cedar - mixed conifer swamp forest is found in the northern Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. Stands occur on level to gently sloping ground with wet, organic or mineral soil. It is typically along the margins of peatlands, in drainage courses, shores of lakes and rivers above flooding level, or in shallow depressions. The groundwater is moderately minerotrophic and has circumneutral pH. The canopy is often moderately dense to dense. The understory structure consists of high hummocks and deep, water-filled hollows, with fallen, moss-covered logs common. <i>Thuja occidentalis</i> is moderately to strongly dominant in the canopy, or <i>Picea mariana</i> may overtop the subdominant <i>Thuja occidentalis</i>. Other species include <i>Abies balsamea, Acer rubrum, Betula papyrifera, Fraxinus nigra, Larix laricina</i> and, more rarely, <i>Picea glauca</i>, or <i>Tsuga canadensis</i>. The shrub layer in this community is sparse to dense, in inverse proportion to the tree canopy. Species present in this stratum include <i>Alnus incana, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Cornus canadensis, Cornus sericea, Gaultheria hispidula, Ledum groenlandicum, Linnaea borealis, Rosa acicularis, Rubus pubescens</i>, and <i>Vaccinium myrtilloides</i>. <i>Ilex mucronata</i> and <i>Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides</i> are more common eastward. The most common herbaceous species are <i>Carex</i> spp. (including <i>Carex disperma), Coptis trifolia, Clintonia borealis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Galium triflorum, Maianthemum canadense, Mitella nuda, Trientalis borealis</i>, and <i>Viola renifolia</i>. Mosses include <i>Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum girgensohnii</i>, and <i>Sphagnum magellanicum</i>. Moss cover may be thin where the canopy is very dense. Diagnostic species include <i>Thuja occidentalis</i> as a dominant/codominant species, with a combination of acidic and minerotrophic understory species, such as <i>Alnus incana</i> and <i>Cornus sericea</i>. |
Comm #908
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Alnus rhombifolia / Carex spp. Association
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org/vegbranch:commConcept:28808-{1D265813-F4F1-49C1-A8CD-43865B0BA76E}
NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED
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MCV2 |
21
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Comm #909
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Umbellularia californica - Juglans californica / Ceanothus spinosus Forest
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accession code: VB.CC.37469.CEGL002876
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21
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This association is only known from the Santa Monica Mountains region. This forest association occurs on moderately steep to steep north-facing slopes at low elevations between 0 and 734 m. It is dominated by <i>Umbellularia californica</i> and <i>Juglans californica</i> in the tree layer, <i>Ceanothus spinosus</i> in the understory shrub layer, and a variety of grasses and forbs in the herbaceous layer. |
Comm #910
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Alnus serrulata - Xanthorhiza simplicissima Wet Shrubland
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32753-{43C28DF3-B8C3-4B71-9090-F70A7A4F9845}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
21
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This association includes shrublands on rocky or gravelly substrates along narrow river margins in the southeastern Blue Ridge Escarpment gorges, ranging elsewhere on the Southern Blue Ridge and into the Cumberland Plateau. Vegetation composition, density, and height vary with frequency of flooding, substrate, and soil depth. <i>Alnus serrulata</i> and <i>Xanthorhiza simplicissima</i> are common and characteristic but not always dominant. Other shrubs may include <i>Arundinaria gigantea, Diervilla sessilifolia, Salix nigra, Salix sericea, Rhododendron arborescens, Rhododendron viscosum, Rhododendron maximum, Rhododendron periclymenoides, Kalmia latifolia, Leucothoe fontanesiana, Cornus foemina, Cornus amomum, Physocarpus opulifolius, Itea virginica</i>, and <i>Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides</i>. Arborescent species that occur as tall shrubs (or as occasional trees, less than 10% cover) include <i>Acer rubrum, Carpinus caroliniana, Diospyros virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera, Platanus occidentalis</i>, and <i>Tsuga canadensis</i>. Open areas dominated by grasses and forbs include species such as <i>Agrostis perennans, Boykinia aconitifolia, Carex torta, Eutrochium fistulosum, Lycopus virginicus, Trautvetteria caroliniensis, Houstonia serpyllifolia, Impatiens capensis, Hypericum mutilum, Viola x primulifolia</i>, and <i>Holcus lanatus</i> (exotic). Adjacent alluvial forests in the Blue Ridge are dominated by <i>Tsuga canadensis, Liriodendron tulipifera, Betula lenta</i>, and, at lower elevations, below 610 m (2000 feet), <i>Platanus occidentalis</i> and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>. |
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