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Comm #941	Populus tremuloides / Alnus incana Riparian Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30059-{9AF8BA89-962E-4B31-A427-4CA41AD80A8D}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	20	This riparian plant association is located in narrow ravines and along first- and second-order streams in Colorado at elevations of 2480 to 2930 m (8140-9600 feet). At the upper end of its elevational range it typically occurs where upland <i>Populus tremuloides</i> forests intermix with riparian shrub vegetation, while at lower elevations it occurs where <i>Populus tremuloides</i> persists only in the riparian zone. Stream gradients range from 1 to 30% slopes. Soils are generally skeletal, shallow, sandy and sandy clay loams or deeper sandy clay loams. The open to closed tree canopy has 10-70% cover of <i>Populus tremuloides</i>. Several conifer species can occur, but <i>Populus tremuloides</i> is clearly the dominant tree species. Other tree species that may be present include <i>Pinus contorta, Abies lasiocarpa, Picea pungens</i>, and <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>. The shrub layer is dominated by 10-70% cover of <i>Alnus incana</i>, which is diagnostic of this riparian type. Other associated shrubs may include <i>Salix drummondiana, Lonicera involucrata, Rosa woodsii</i>, and <i>Salix bebbiana</i>. The forb layer can be dense and includes <i>Cardamine cordifolia, Mertensia ciliata, Osmorhiza depauperata</i>, and <i>Senecio triangularis</i>. Graminoid cover may include <i>Calamagrostis canadensis, Equisetum arvense</i>, and <i>Carex disperma</i>. The presence of obligate riparian species in the shrub and forb canopies along the immediate streambank distinguishes this riparian plant association from the adjacent upland <i>Populus tremuloides</i> associations.
Comm #942	Carex nebrascensis Wet Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:30722-{BE75C616-8A11-423E-93F4-83479BD3852D}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	20	This minor wetlands community occurs on the western Great Plains and throughout much of the western U.S. Elevation ranges from 1000-2800 m (3300-9200 feet). Stands form open meadows that occur along the margins of streambanks, flat floodplains, and lakes often forming a band along the alluvial terrace, or on marshy areas surrounding springs and below seeps on lower hillslopes, as well as small patches within spring-fed alcoves of the southwestern deserts. This association is often found on well-developed soil, but occurs on a wide variety of soil types that tend to be fine-textured alluvium, or clay to organic and are typically gleyed and mottled near the surface because of the high water table most of the growing season. The vegetation is characterized by a moderately dense to dense perennial graminoid layer dominated or codominated by <i>Carex nebrascensis</i>. Other graminoid species may be present such as <i>Carex praegracilis, Calamagrostis stricta, Deschampsia cespitosa, Eleocharis palustris, Glyceria striata, Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis, Schoenoplectus pungens</i>, or <i>Triglochin maritima</i>. Forb cover is generally low, but can be high in moist locations. Scattered short shrubs may be present in some stands.
Comm #943	Carex utriculata - Carex lacustris - (Carex vesicaria, Carex stricta) Wet Meadow » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:31166-{55E29FA8-7C2D-4B1E-AAE2-AFFED0C71568}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	20	This northern tall sedge community is found in the mixed conifer - hardwood zone of the Great Lakes region and north into the boreal regions of eastern Canada. Sites are found on floodplains, shallow bays of lakes and streams, beaver meadows, ditches, and occasionally in isolated basins, or on semi-floating mats. Hydrology is seasonally to semipermanently flooded. Substrate is mineral soil or well-decomposed peat. Tall coarse-leaved sedges dominate the vegetation layer, often creating a tussocky hummock microtopography. Shrubs can cover up to 25% of the area. Pools with submergents may also be present. Dominant graminoids include a number of Carices, including <i>Carex aquatilis, Carex lacustris, Carex lasiocarpa, Carex rostrata, Carex utriculata, Carex vesicaria</i>, and locally <i>Carex stricta</i>. Other graminoids include <i>Calamagrostis canadensis, Scirpus atrovirens, Scirpus cyperinus</i>, and in wetter areas, <i>Eleocharis palustris</i> and <i>Equisetum fluviatile</i>. Forbs include <i>Acorus calamus, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum, Campanula aparinoides, Eutrochium maculatum, Iris virginica var. shrevei, Lycopus uniflorus, Poa palustris, Polygonum amphibium, Comarum palustre</i>, and others. Diagnostic features include the general dominance by coarse-leaved sedges, wet, somewhat peaty soil conditions, and the mix of subboreal herbs with more temperate herbs.
Comm #944	Quercus alba - Quercus velutina - Quercus stellata / Schizachyrium scoparium - Desmodium spp. Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:32589-{ECFE1AA5-6CCE-4247-8921-535C3696C90B}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	20	This is a fire-maintained woodland of the Piedmont of Virginia and South Carolina, occurring on soils derived from granitic rock. It may also persist in a slightly altered state due to particularly rigorous mowing regimes. Although the fire or mowing frequency is abnormally high at known sites (on Fort Pickett), this community may be quite similar to some presettlement Piedmont communities. Canopy dominants include <i>Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Quercus stellata, Quercus falcata, Quercus coccinea, Carya tomentosa, Carya glabra</i>, and <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i>. The subcanopy may include <i>Cornus florida</i> and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, but can also be fairly open. Shrubs and woody vines include <i>Rhus copallinum, Rhus michauxii, Rhus glabra, Diospyros virginiana, Ulmus alata, Sassafras albidum, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium stamineum, Hypericum hypericoides ssp. multicaule, Toxicodendron pubescens, Vitis rotundifolia</i>. The herb layer is dominated by <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i> or sometimes <i>Danthonia sericea</i>, and also includes <i>Desmodium laevigatum, Desmodium marilandicum, Desmodium nuttallii, Desmodium paniculatum, Desmodium perplexum, Desmodium ciliare, Eupatorium hyssopifolium, Eupatorium godfreyanum, Clitoria mariana, Eupatorium rotundifolium var. ovatum, Eupatorium sessilifolium, Eupatorium altissimum, Galactia regularis, Lespedeza procumbens, Dichanthelium dichotomum, Dichanthelium depauperatum, Solidago pinetorum, Solidago rugosa, Solidago nemoralis, Solidago erecta, Helianthus atrorubens, Coreopsis major, Liatris pilosa, Andropogon ternarius, Tephrosia virginiana, Clitoria mariana</i>, and <i>Sorghastrum elliottii</i>. At Cowpens in South Carolina, historical accounts from the Revolutionary War (1781) all describe open fields in the area where this community now sits. Historic descriptions of upstate South Carolina uplands from as late as 1775 suggest woodlands and open areas covered with "grasses and the wild pea-vine, growing as high as a horse's back" were common. These historical accounts suggest that the remnants in South Carolina and Virginia may indeed approximate the vegetation of the upland areas of the Piedmont of 250 years ago.
Comm #945	Cakile edentula ssp. edentula - Chamaesyce polygonifolia Sparse Beach Vegetation » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33191-{09A1852E-6248-435F-9C37-72A8FEC7F754}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	20	This is a sparsely vegetated upper beach community occurring on unstable sands and often gravels and cobbles just above mean high tide on maritime beaches and foredunes along the middle and northern Atlantic Coast. It also occurs on small bay islands and bay sides of barrier beaches. This association occurs at the wrack line where there is regular deposition of wave-deposited flotsam. The setting of this association is often dry sand, but is irregularly flooded by spring or storm tides. Vegetation cover is variable, depending on the amount of exposure to wave and wind action, but is generally sparse and characterized by annuals and biennials. Species composition can change dramatically from year to year but frequently includes <i>Cakile edentula ssp. edentula</i>, as well as <i>Salsola kali ssp. kali, Chamaesyce polygonifolia, Honckenya peploides, Cenchrus tribuloides, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Erechtites hieraciifolius, Xanthium strumarium</i>, and <i>Atriplex cristata</i>. <i>Panicum amarum var. amarum</i> is a frequent component south of the Delaware Bay. Globally rare species such as <i>Polygonum glaucum</i> and <i>Amaranthus pumilus</i> occur in this habitat. Sparse <i>Ammophila breviligulata</i> can occur sporadically as a common associate, colonizing from the adjacent beachgrass community. Diagnostic species are <i>Cakile edentula ssp. edentula, Salsola kali ssp. kali, Atriplex cristata</i>, and <i>Chamaesyce polygonifolia</i>. This community occurs in maritime coastal areas from southern Maine to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.
Comm #946	Eleocharis (elongata, equisetoides) - Rhynchospora tracyi Marsh » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33729-{18DC2F00-2965-4CAB-B1EC-D3E1E25A324C}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	20	This broadly defined type represents vegetation of deeper coastal plain depressional wetlands, typically dominated by aquatic <i>Eleocharis</i> spp., such as <i>Eleocharis elongata, Eleocharis equisetoides</i> and <i>Eleocharis cellulosa</i>, in the Atlantic Coastal Plain and the East Gulf Coastal Plain. <i>Rhynchospora tracyi</i> may also be present. These depressions can be of various geomorphic origins, including limesinks and interdune swales. Additional geographic types may be developed as more specific information becomes available.
Comm #947	Persea palustris / Morella cerifera Wet Maritime Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33419-{2AA33F70-4F10-4981-B6C5-D3174AA76A58}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	20	This forest occurs in North and South Carolina on peaty soils only slightly above sea level, in swales and seepage-fed areas adjacent to sand dunes. The canopy is sometimes open, depending on wetness and recency of disturbance by flooding, hurricane, or storm. <i>Persea palustris</i> is the canopy dominant. <i>Morella cerifera</i> is common in the shrub layer. The herb layer has <i>Osmunda cinnamomea, Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis, Woodwardia virginica</i>, and <i>Woodwardia areolata</i>. <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. are common.
Comm #948	Pinus serotina / Ilex glabra / Woodwardia virginica Swamp Woodland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33435-{34A883BE-5427-457B-8F29-FF7EA44DA757}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	20	This pond pine woodland occurs on the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina and Virginia. <i>Pinus serotina</i> is dominant or codominant with <i>Acer rubrum</i> in the canopy stratum. <i>Acer rubrum</i> and <i>Magnolia virginiana</i> are typically the most important subcanopy trees. Shrub densities are variable, from more than 80% cover to less than 50%. While not always dominant, <i>Ilex glabra</i> is a common and characteristic shrub in this type. Other common shrubs include <i>Lyonia lucida, Clethra alnifolia, Smilax laurifolia, Eubotrys racemosa, Gaylussacia frondosa, Vaccinium formosum, Persea palustris, Morella cerifera</i>, and <i>Lyonia ligustrina var. foliosiflora</i>. Herbaceous diversity is very low, but <i>Woodwardia virginica</i> and <i>Osmunda cinnamomea</i> can be locally common. Other herbaceous plants include <i>Woodwardia areolata, Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis</i>, and <i>Listera australis</i>. Mosses, including <i>Sphagnum</i> spp., are often abundant in the saturated hummock-and-hollow microtopography. This community is variable in physiognomy, depending on fire frequency. Originally, most occurrences would have manifested themselves at most times as woodlands, with an open canopy structure. Many occurrences currently have denser canopy, up to and including a closed canopy structure. This type is closely related to the ~<i>Pinus serotina / Cyrilla racemiflora - Lyonia lucida - Ilex glabra</i> Swamp Woodland (CEGL003670)$$, which occurs farther south and has additional species, particularly <i>Cyrilla racemiflora</i>.
Comm #949	Deschampsia cespitosa - (Sporobolus heterolepis, Schizachyrium scoparium) - Carex crawei - Packera paupercula Grassland » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:33875-{6966F421-7C6C-47D7-8945-9300F72692EF}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	20	The tufted hairgrass wet alvar grassland occurs in the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, in northern Michigan, southern Ontario, and northern New York. Stands occur on very shallow, organic soils that cover flat limestone and dolostone outcrops (pavements). Average soil depths in this grassland community are less than 10 cm. This community has a characteristic soil moisture regime of alternating wet and dry seasons; many of them have flooded or saturated soils in early spring and late fall, combined with summer drought in most years. They usually occur in a patchy landscape mosaic with other alvar communities, including annual alvar pavement-grassland, little bluestem alvar grassland, alvar nonvascular pavement, and juniper alvar shrubland. In these landscape mosaics, the tufted hairgrass wet alvar grassland usually occupies the lowest, wettest positions; the actual elevation differences may be very subtle, with differences of less than 10 or 15 cm. The dominant grasses and sedges are <i>Deschampsia cespitosa, Carex crawei, Sporobolus heterolepis</i>, and <i>Eleocharis compressa</i>. Other characteristic grasses and herbs include <i>Packera paupercula, Sporobolus neglectus, Sporobolus vaginiflorus, Trichostema brachiatum</i>, and <i>Allium schoenoprasum</i>. Typically there are several turf and weft mosses forming a patchy mat at the base of grasses and forbs; typical mosses are <i>Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Abietinella abietina, Tortella tortuosa</i>, and <i>Drepanocladus</i> spp. There are very few shrubs in this grassland community (usually less than 1% cover). The community often includes small patches of exposed bedrock pavement (patches are less than 1.25 acres or 0.5 ha).
Comm #950	Quercus alba / Kalmia latifolia Forest » more details accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35545-{C141E48A-BEC0-4F82-A2E6-C3F18819B96F}	NatureServe Biotics 2019	20	This community comprises <i>Quercus alba</i>-dominated forests on exposed, rocky ridges and convex upper slopes at high elevations (&gt;915 m [3000 feet]). The shrub stratum is dominated by <i>Kalmia latifolia</i>, occurring as patches or with continuous cover (&gt;25%). In some parts of this forest's range, <i>Gaylussacia ursina</i> is dominant in the often dense low-shrub stratum. Herbaceous cover is typical of xeric <i>Quercus</i>-and-<i>Carya</i>-dominated forests in the area, with <i>Carex pensylvanica, Chimaphila maculata, Euphorbia corollata, Galax urceolata, Galium latifolium, Goodyera pubescens, Hexastylis shuttleworthii, Iris verna var. smalliana, Medeola virginiana</i> typical. The shrub/sapling stratum often has a high coverage of <i>Castanea</i> stump sprouts and also includes <i>Castanea pumila, Sassafras albidum, Oxydendrum arboreum</i>, and <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i>.