Name:
Typha (angustifolia, latifolia) - (Schoenoplectus spp.) Eastern Herbaceous Vegetation
Reference:
Eastern Ecology Working Group of...
Description:
These tall emergent marshes are common throughout the northeastern United States and adjacent Canadian provinces. They occur in permanently flooded basins, often part of a larger wetland mosaic and associated with lakes, ponds, or slow-moving streams. The substrate is muck over mineral soil. Lacustrine cattail marshes typically have a muck-bottom zone bordering the shoreline, where cattails are rooted in the bottom substrate, and a floating mat zone, where the roots grow suspended in a buoyant peaty mat. Tall graminoids dominate the vegetation; scattered shrubs are often present (usually totaling less than 25% cover), and are frequently shorter than the graminoids. Trees are absent. Bryophyte cover varies, and is rarely extensive; bryophytes are mostly confined to the hummocks. Typha angustifolia, Typha latifolia, or their hybrid Typha X glauca dominate, either alone or in combination with other tall emergent marsh species. Associated species vary widely; sedges such as Carex aquatilis, Carex lurida, Carex rostrata, Carex pellita (= Carex lanuginosa), Scirpus cyperinus, and bulrushes such as Schoenoplectus americanus (= Scirpus americanus) and Schoenoplectus acutus (= Scirpus acutus) occur, along with patchy grasses such as Calamagrostis canadensis. Broad-leaved herbs include Thelypteris palustris, Asclepias incarnata, Calla palustris, Impatiens capensis, Sagittaria latifolia, Scutellaria lateriflora, Sparganium eurycarpum, and Verbena hastata. Floating aquatics, such as Lemna minor, may be common in deeper zones. Shrub species vary across the geographic range of this type; in the northern part of its range, Myrica gale, Ilex verticillata, and Spiraea alba are common. The invasive exotic plants Lythrum salicaria and Phragmites australis may be abundant in parts of some occurrences. This association is distinguished from other northeastern freshwater marshes by the strong dominance of Typha spp.
Accession Code:
VB.CC.20652.TYPHAANGUSTIFOL
Plot-observations of this Community Concept:
0
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