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Picea rubens / Betula alleghaniensis / Bazzania trilobata Forest | NatureServe Biotics 2019
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Name: Picea rubens / Betula alleghaniensis / Bazzania trilobata Forest
Reference: NatureServe Biotics 2019
Description: This association occurs on both gentle slopes bordering high-elevation valley floors and on more exposed ridge crests and rocky summits in the high Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia and Virginia. Sites range from mesic to submesic and are characterized by cold winter microclimates, frequent fog, and high annual precipitation. Stands are dominated by <i>Picea rubens</i>, which is characteristic, with lower cover of <i>Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis</i> and <i>Acer rubrum</i>. Other trees that occasionally occur with low cover in the canopy include <i>Tsuga canadensis, Betula lenta, Pinus strobus</i>, and <i>Prunus serotina</i>. The subcanopy is very similar in dominance and composition to the canopy, with the occasional addition of <i>Sorbus americana, Acer pensylvanicum, Amelanchier</i> spp., or <i>Magnolia fraseri</i>. In well-developed stands, young <i>Picea rubens</i> and <i>Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis</i> are plentiful in understory layers, especially in canopy gaps. Shrub layers are normally somewhat sparse, with low cover by <i>Ilex montana, Kalmia latifolia, Rhododendron maximum</i>, or <i>Vaccinium erythrocarpum</i>. Herb layer composition varies with soil moisture and light regimes but is generally sparse. <i>Dryopteris intermedia, Oxalis montana, Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Maianthemum canadense</i>, and <i>Carex debilis var. rudgei</i> are frequent herbs. The nonvascular stratum is strongly dominated by <i>Bazzania trilobata</i>. 
Accession Code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36562-{D92F9894-39BC-4984-97C5-6C9F12E283EA}
Plot-observations of this Community Concept: 50
      Party Perspective according to: NatureServe (organization)
Perspective from: 01-Jun-2009 to: ongoing
      Names:   UID: ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.685028 NatureServe ExplorerNatureServe Explorer logo
  Code: CEGL008501
  Translated: Red Spruce / Yellow Birch / Three-lobed Whipwort Forest
  Common: Red Spruce Forest (Central Appalachian Upland Type)
  Scientific: Picea rubens / Betula alleghaniensis / Bazzania trilobata Forest
(convergence) and Synonyms:
(similar) Picea rubens / Betula alleghaniensis / Bazzania trilobata Forest
(similar) Picea rubens / Acer rubrum / Maianthemum canadense - (Lycopodium clavatum, Lycopodium dendroideum) Forest
(similar) CEGL008501