Name:
Typha angustifolia - Typha latifolia - Schoenoplectus spp. Deep Marsh Alliance
Reference:
NatureServe Biotics 2019
Description:
This alliance, found across the eastern half of the United States and southern Canada, contains stands dominated or codominated by <i>Typha angustifolia</i> and/or <i>Typha latifolia</i>, either alone or in combination with other tall emergent marsh species. <i>Typha</i> often occurs in pure stands, and can colonize areas recently exposed by either natural or human causes. <i>Lythrum salicaria</i>, an exotic species from Europe, has become a common associate of many eastern <i>Typha</i> marshes. In the Southeast, this alliance is widespread and currently representative of a wide variety of mixed marshes with no clear dominants. Vegetation in this alliance may be natural or semi-natural and includes mixed stands of the nominal species, as well as essentially monospecific stands of <i>Typha latifolia</i>. Occurrences may display areas of open water, but emergent vegetation dominates. Vegetative diversity and density are highly variable in response to water depth, water chemistry, and natural forces. Associated species vary widely; in the Midwest they include many sedges such as <i>Carex aquatilis, Carex pellita, Carex rostrata</i>, bulrushes such as <i>Schoenoplectus acutus, Schoenoplectus americanus</i>, and <i>Schoenoplectus heterochaetus</i>, and broad-leaved herbs such as <i>Asclepias incarnata, Hibiscus moscheutos, Impatiens capensis, Sagittaria latifolia, Scutellaria lateriflora, Sparganium eurycarpum, Thelypteris palustris</i>, and <i>Verbena hastata</i>. Floating aquatics such as <i>Lemna minor</i> may predominate in deeper zones. This alliance is found most commonly along lake margins and in shallow basins, and occasionally in river backwaters. Lacustrine cattail marshes typically have a muck-bottom zone bordering the shoreline, where cattails are rooted in the bottom substrate, and a floating mat zone, where the roots grow suspended in a buoyant peaty mat. These marshes have hydric soils and are flooded with water levels ranging from several centimeters to more than 1 m for a significant part of the growing season. Soils which support this community can be mineral or organic but are saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part.
Accession Code:
urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:38232-{D5A21D07-65BE-4FAB-9342-4C0694BE53E8}
Plot-observations of this Community Concept:
0
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