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Comm #7181	Quercus (rubra, velutina, alba) / Carpinus caroliniana - (Halesia tetraptera) / Maianthemum racemosum Forest » more details accession code: VB.CC.30944.CEGL006462	Eastern Ecology Working Group of...	0	This association is a closed-canopy to somewhat open-canopy deciduous floodplain forest on the highest positions of river floodplains. These alluvial terraces are infrequently flooded and some are possibly no longer flooded. Low frequency and low energy of flooding is evidenced by the development of litter layers and organic-enriched soil horizons. Soils are well-drained sands and sandy loams, and soil moisture regime may be somewhat dry. The soils are slightly to moderately acidic and have relatively high cation levels. Slopes range from level to steep. The canopy is frequently composed of very large-diameter, tall trees, with species more typical of uplands. Dominant trees in the canopy include <i>Quercus rubra, Quercus velutina, Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera</i>, and <i>Acer saccharum</i>. Additional trees which may occur in the canopy and subcanopy include <i>Acer rubrum, Carya alba, Carya cordiformis, Carya ovata, Fagus grandifolia, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Juglans nigra, Magnolia acuminata, Magnolia tripetala, Nyssa sylvatica, Platanus occidentalis, Prunus serotina var. serotina</i>, and <i>Ulmus americana</i>. The small tree <i>Halesia tetraptera</i> is dominant in some areas as a well-developed tall-shrub layer and may extend into the tree subcanopy; <i>Sassafras albidum</i> may also occur as a small tree. Additional shrubs include <i>Carpinus caroliniana, Dirca palustris, Hamamelis virginiana, Lindera benzoin, Smilax rotundifolia, Magnolia tripetala, Asimina triloba</i>, and <i>Viburnum prunifolium</i>. Low shrubs may be present, though typically sparse, and include <i>Xanthorhiza simplicissima, Chionanthus virginicus, Euonymus americanus, Hamamelis virginiana</i>, and <i>Smilax rotundifolia</i>. Characteristic herbs include <i>Ageratina altissima, Amphicarpaea bracteata, Arisaema triphyllum, Cynoglossum virginianum, Dichanthelium boscii, Eurybia divaricata, Galium circaezans, Galium triflorum, Hexastylis virginica, Hydrastis canadensis, Maianthemum racemosum, Packera aurea, Polygonatum biflorum, Sanguinaria canadensis, Sedum ternatum, Thelypteris noveboracensis</i>, and <i>Verbesina alternifolia</i>.
Comm #7182	Alaska Arctic Polygonal Ground Mesic Shrub Tundra » more details accession code: urn:lsid:ecoobs.vegbank.org:commConcept:8977-{2566E1A6-8945-4B27-842F-5AD130808DCF}	Western Ecology Working Group of...	0
Comm #7183	Salix nigra - Betula nigra / Schoenoplectus pungens Wooded Herbaceous Vegetation » more details accession code: VB.CC.30941.CEGL006463	Eastern Ecology Working Group of...	0	This association represents woodland or wooded herbaceous vegetation which occurs on wet beaches along the New River downstream from rapids (the "eddy zone"). These are frequently flooded positions within the active channel shelf which receive sediments of relatively fine-textured alluvium. Substrates often exhibit definite layering of sand and silt laid down by successive flood events. Ground cover by flotsam is often high. Substrates are usually saturated, with water inputs from flooding and from upslope seepage. The dominant tree is <i>Salix nigra</i>, often rooted on the uphill side of stands; individuals are flood-battered or toppled, and overhang or extend horizontally into the community. <i>Betula nigra</i> is common as a small tree or shrub. The shrub layer is also dominated by <i>Salix nigra</i>, sometimes with <i>Cephalanthus occidentalis</i>. Herb cover in plots ranges from 10 to 40%, with a large component of wetland indicator species. <i>Schoenoplectus pungens</i> is the dominant herb (5-40% cover and high constancy). Additional herbs with high constancy in plots include <i>Chasmanthium latifolium, Conoclinium coelestinum, Dichanthelium clandestinum, Eleocharis</i> spp., <i>Equisetum arvense, Eragrostis hypnoides, Justicia americana, Leersia virginica, Panicum rigidulum, Polygonum caespitosum var. longisetum</i>, and <i>Saururus cernuus</i>. Additional characteristic herbs include <i>Bidens frondosa, Cyperus odoratus, Eleocharis obtusa, Eragrostis pilosa, Hibiscus laevis, Lindernia dubia, Ludwigia palustris, Panicum dichotomiflorum</i>, and <i>Vernonia noveboracensis</i>.
Comm #7184	CEGL006173 » more details accession code: VB.CC.6719.CEGL006173 NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTED	EcoArt 2002	0
Comm #7185	Acer saccharum - Liriodendron tulipifera / Galium concinnum - Carex laxiculmis Forest » more details accession code: VB.CC.37311.CEGL006473	Lea, C. 2003. Vegetation types i...	0	This association is currently known from the Ridge and Valley province of Maryland. It occupies well-drained floodplains of small to medium-sized streams in areas underlain by sandstone and shale. Flooding likely varies from infrequent and ephemeral to periodically significant, with a return interval of 1 to 3 years. Soil samples collected from plots varied from sandy clay loams to sandy loams, with significant gravel content and relatively low base status. The vegetation is a predominantly deciduous forest with mixed and variable overstory dominance by combinations of <i>Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer saccharum, Fraxinus americana, Quercus alba, Tilia americana</i>, and <i>Quercus rubra</i>. <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> is most constant in the overstory, while <i>Acer saccharum</i> is constant in various strata and has the highest mean cover across 8 plot samples. <i>Pinus strobus, Acer rubrum, Platanus occidentalis</i>, and <i>Magnolia acuminata</i> are relatively minor species that only occasionally approach 25% cover in an individual plot. <i>Lindera benzoin, Hamamelis virginiana</i>, and <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i> are the most constant understory species. The herb layer is moderately diverse, with <i>Eurybia divaricata (= Aster divaricatus), Polystichum acrostichoides, Cardamine concatenata, Claytonia virginica, Carex laxiculmis var. laxiculmis, Ageratina altissima, Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum, Galium concinnum, Uvularia sessilifolia, Solidago caesia</i>, and <i>Carex digitalis</i> all occurring in >75% of the plot samples. Species richness of 8 plot samples averaged 54 taxa per 400 square meters.
Comm #7186	Hydrangea arborescens / Sedum ternatum - Polypodium virginianum Shrubland » more details accession code: VB.CC.37313.CEGL006479	Lea, C. 2003. Vegetation types i...	0	This association is currently known only from the Potomac River drainage in the Piedmont Triassic Basin of Virginia and Maryland and the adjacent Blue Ridge of Virginia. It occupies cliff-faces weathered from siltstone, shale, calcareous sandstone, and metabasalt. Sites subtend rivers and large streams, where progressive stream incision through resistant strata has formed escarpments of exposed bedrock. All of the documented cliffs have northerly aspects and are partly to heavily shaded by overhanging trees or trees growing in the cliff-base floodplains. Microhabitat conditions are characterized by vertical to very steep faces, with much exposed bedrock, numerous fissures and shelves, and considerable local deposition of organic-rich, colluvial soil material. Vegetation cover ranges from sparse or somewhat sparse (5 to 20% vascular cover) on the most massive cliffs, to moderately dense (20 to 50% vascular cover) on other examples. Saplings and stunted trees of <i>Fraxinus americana, Ostrya virginiana, Tsuga canadensis, Ulmus rubra, Ulmus americana, Acer saccharum, Acer nigrum, Tilia americana, Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana, Carpinus caroliniana, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Quercus prinus</i> may occur on the cliff-faces. <i>Hydrangea arborescens</i> is a characteristic and sometimes abundant shrub, while <i>Toxicodendron radicans</i> and <i>Parthenocissus quinquefolia</i> are constant vines. Less constant shrubs include <i>Physocarpus opulifolius, Ptelea trifoliata, Hamamelis virginiana</i>, and <i>Viburnum acerifolium</i>. Characteristic herbaceous species include <i>Polypodium virginianum</i> (locally abundant), <i>Sedum ternatum</i> (locally abundant), <i>Symphyotrichum cordifolium (= Aster cordifolius)</i> (locally abundant), <i>Dryopteris marginalis, Pilea pumila, Asplenium trichomanes, Woodsia obtusa ssp. obtusa, Aquilegia canadensis, Saxifraga virginiensis, Eurybia divaricata (= Aster divaricatus), Asplenium rhizophyllum, Ageratina altissima, Carex communis, Carex platyphylla, Heuchera americana, Arabis laevigata var. laevigata, Polymnia canadensis, Polystichum acrostichoides</i>, and <i>Solidago caesia</i>. Exotic weeds, including <i>Stellaria media, Lonicera japonica, Alliaria petiolata</i>, and <i>Microstegium vimineum</i>, are problematic invaders at most sites.
Comm #7187	Estuarine Tidal Mudflats Sparsely Vegetated Alliance » more details accession code: VB.CC.28469.ESTUARINETIDALM	Eastern Ecology Working Group of...	0	This habitat is characterized by soft, unconsolidated sediments that serve as a substrate for burrowing fauna, and for deposit feeders, a food source as well. It supports a diversity of invertebrates such as bloodworms (Glycera dibranchiata), mud crabs (Panopeus sayi, Hexapanopeus angustifrons, Rhithropanopeus harrisi, Eurypanopeus depressus), amphipods (Aeginella longicornis and others), blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), polychaete worms such as red-lined worms (Nephtys incisa), and other fauna.
Comm #7188	Fallugia paradoxa Shrubland » more details accession code: VB.CC.36125.CEGL003875	Southeastern Ecology Working Gro...	0
Comm #7189	Calamagrostis canadensis - Scirpus spp. - Dulichium arundinaceum Herbaceous Vegetation » more details accession code: VB.CC.31425.CEGL006519	Eastern Ecology Working Group of...	0	These are seasonally flooded, mixed-composition wetland meadows of the northeastern United States. They occur on flats, floodplains of small streams, beaver meadows, and lakeshores. The substrate is muck or well-decomposed peat overlying mineral soil, usually slightly acidic (pH 5.0-6.0). After spring flooding, many sites will dry to exposed soil during the summer; others remain well saturated. The vegetation is dominated by robust graminoids or graminoids mixed with shrubs. Shrub cover can range up to 50%, but graminoid cover typically exceeds woody cover, and in some cases, shrubs are absent. The herbaceous layer is well-developed, often over 40% cover and up to nearly 100% cover. Bryophyte cover is usually little to none but may occasionally be extensive. The herbaceous layer is often dominated by some combination of <i>Calamagrostis canadensis, Scirpus</i> spp. (including <i>Scirpus cyperinus, Scirpus expansus</i>, and <i>Scirpus atrovirens</i>), and <i>Dulichium arundinaceum</i>. Other locally common species may include <i>Acorus calamus, Agrostis gigantea (= Agrostis alba), Carex lacustris, Carex lupulina, Carex lupuliformis, Carex lurida, Carex stricta, Carex utriculata, Glyceria canadensis, Glyceria grandis, Iris versicolor, Hypericum ellipticum, Juncus canadensis, Leersia oryzoides, Leersia virginica, Lysimachia terrestris, Onoclea sensibilis, Osmunda regalis, Phalaris arundinacea, Poa palustris</i>, and <i>Triadenum fraseri</i>. <i>Typha latifolia</i> may occasionally be present, but these wetlands are usually slightly higher (relative to the water table) than typical cattail marsh. <i>Lythrum salicaria</i> may be locally invasive. Shrub species typically include <i>Spiraea alba</i> and <i>Salix</i> spp. Other shrub constituents vary from site to site and may include <i>Alnus incana, Alnus serrulata, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Cornus sericea, Ilex verticillata, Myrica gale, Salix pedicellaris, Spiraea tomentosa, Vaccinium corymbosum</i>, or <i>Viburnum dentatum</i>. This association is related to other regional wet meadow types but differs in not being almost monotypically dominated by <i>Carex stricta, Calamagrostis canadensis</i>, or <i>Phalaris arundinacea</i>.
Comm #7190	Carpinus caroliniana - Ilex decidua Shrubland » more details accession code: VB.CC.37258.CEGL006484	Lea, C. 2000. Plant communities ...	0	This association has been documented only in the eastern Piedmont region of Maryland and Virginia, where it is restricted to high-gradient stretches of the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers. It occupies protected areas (eroding draws, ravines, downstream sides of large outcrops) on the flanks of rocky bluffs and bedrock terraces that are periodically scoured by powerful floods, and occasionally occurs on sand- and boulder-covered flats on the active channel shelf. The vegetation is characterized by partially open to dense thickets of shrubs and shrubby trees generally less than 6 m tall. The species richness of the woody layers is high. <i>Carpinus caroliniana</i> and <i>Ilex decidua</i> are both present and usually codominant. <i>Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Fraxinus americana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Diospyros virginiana, Viburnum prunifolium, Hypericum prolificum, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i> are also frequent. Less constant shrubs and small trees that occasionally achieve moderate cover include <i>Ilex verticillata, Ostrya virginiana, Physocarpus opulifolius</i>, and <i>Viburnum dentatum</i>. Vines are common, with <i>Campsis radicans, Toxicodendron radicans</i>, and/or <i>Parthenocissus quinquefolia</i> often present. The herbaceous layer is species-rich and variable, with a more diverse assemblage of species present at low cover where soils are shallow over rocks, and dominance by a more limited number of species, particularly <i>Chasmanthium latifolium, Dichanthelium clandestinum, Elymus virginicus</i>, and <i>Cerastium arvense</i>, where soils are deep. <i>Lonicera japonica</i>, as well as the exotic herbs <i>Saponaria officinalis</i> and <i>Lespedeza cuneata</i>, can be invasive.