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Description |
Comm #771
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Quercus montana / Rhododendron catawbiense - Kalmia latifolia Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36584-{ECD2AE4F-7F34-4F76-83F3-7777CB1FD539}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
25
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This community is documented from the northern Virginia Blue Ridge, scattered locations in the Ridge and Valley province of west-central and southwestern Virginia, and in the gorges of the New and Gauley rivers of southern West Virginia. In addition, there are a few local outliers on sheltered, north-facing bluffs along the James River in the western Piedmont. In the main part of this association's range, stands are associated with strongly convex, upper slopes and spur crests at elevations from 325 m to over 975 m (1050-3200 feet). North or northwest aspects are common, but the type has been documented from other aspects as well, generally with high solar exposure. The vegetation is a species-poor, open to closed-canopy forest of stunted (often <20 m tall, sometimes <10 m tall), gnarled trees over a dense, evergreen tall-shrub layer. <i>Quercus montana</i> is the usual canopy dominant, with occasional associates of <i>Betula lenta, Tsuga canadensis, Quercus velutina, Quercus coccinea, Quercus alba, Nyssa sylvatica, Acer rubrum, Pinus virginiana</i>, and/or <i>Pinus strobus</i>. The shrub layer is dominated by <i>Rhododendron catawbiense, Kalmia latifolia</i>, and/or <i>Rhododendron maximum</i> (the latter primarily in West Virginia occurrences). Additional shrubs which are present at low cover include <i>Hamamelis virginiana, Ilex montana</i>, and <i>Amelanchier arborea</i>. Deciduous ericads such as <i>Gaylussacia baccata</i> and <i>Vaccinium pallidum</i> may be present but rarely contribute more than 10% cover. Herbs and subshrubs are exceedingly sparse in the densely shaded, forest-floor environment; most likely to be encountered are the evergreen species <i>Gaultheria procumbens, Epigaea repens, Galax urceolata, Goodyera pubescens, Mitchella repens</i>, and <i>Chimaphila maculata</i>, sometimes present at low cover. |
Comm #772
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Liriodendron tulipifera - Acer rubrum - Robinia pseudoacacia Ruderal Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35490-{E7985B33-F50E-43ED-B2B6-70E42C331928}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
25
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This early-successional or semi-natural vegetation occurs at approximately 700-1220 m (2300-4000 feet) elevation in the southern Appalachian Mountains and Appalachian Plateaus. Examples are typical of areas which were once clearcut, old fields, strip-mined, graded for road construction, or otherwise cleared. Stands are typically revegetated from root and stump sprouts and wind dispersed seeds. Stands have canopies which are typically dominated by <i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i> and <i>Acer rubrum</i>, with lesser amounts of <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>. <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> is listed as a nominal to indicate the Appalachian distribution of this type. Associated species may vary. Some examples may contain <i>Pinus virginiana</i>. Tall shrubs (<i>Rhododendron periclymenoides, Rhododendron calendulaceum, Kalmia latifolia, Calycanthus floridus</i>) sprout from root stocks and occur as scattered, dense clumps, while shorter shrubs (<i>Gaylussacia ursina, Leucothoe fontanesiana, Rubus</i> spp., <i>Vaccinium</i> spp.) can have dense, continuous cover. Composition of the herbaceous stratum varies with site conditions and moisture regime and may contain field-adapted species, tolerant of high light intensities, as well as many shade-tolerant forest herbs. <i>Lycopodium digitatum</i> may also form dense cover. |
Comm #773
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Tilia americana var. heterophylla - Fraxinus americana / Sanguinaria canadensis - (Aquilegia canadensis, Asplenium rhizophyllum) Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:35900-{AEBC3E70-14CD-420D-9708-7F0B97332D6C}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
25
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These are forests of steep, protected coves and slopes at the lower elevations (below 610 m [2000 feet]) of the Southern Appalachians and upper Piedmont, containing a significant component of species associated with high-base status substrates. They share species in common with other Southern Appalachian cove forests, but are distinguished by occurring at relatively low elevations ((305-760 m [1000-2500 feet])) and by the presence of strongly calciphilic species such as <i>Asplenium rhizophyllum, Aquilegia canadensis, Cystopteris protrusa, Diplazium pycnocarpon, Trillium simile, Trillium discolor</i>, and <i>Collinsonia verticillata</i>. Common canopy species include <i>Tilia americana var. heterophylla, Liriodendron tulipifera, Fraxinus americana, Quercus rubra</i>, and <i>Aesculus flava</i>. Other species in the canopy and subcanopy include <i>Ulmus rubra, Juglans nigra, Betula lenta, Carya cordiformis, Halesia tetraptera</i>, and <i>Cornus florida</i>. <i>Acer saccharum</i> is generally not a constant component in these forests. The shrub stratum can be diverse, but the coverage is often quite sparse. Typical shrubs include <i>Hydrangea arborescens, Lindera benzoin, Calycanthus floridus, Philadelphus hirsutus, Philadelphus inodorus</i>, and <i>Rhododendron maximum</i>. The herbaceous stratum is dense, lush, and diverse. Some of the more characteristic species include <i>Sanguinaria canadensis, Cystopteris protrusa, Viola canadensis, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Hydrophyllum canadense, Trillium cuneatum, Asplenium rhizophyllum, Dicentra cucullaria, Tradescantia subaspera, Asarum canadense, Carex plantaginea, Hybanthus concolor, Trillium simile, Aquilegia canadensis, Carex austrocaroliniana, Deparia acrostichoides, Diplazium pycnocarpon, Trillium rugelii</i>, and <i>Trillium luteum</i>. |
Comm #774
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Pinus strobus Ruderal Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36113-{BBBD2C1C-30D7-4DEC-B73E-3EBFBA556410}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
25
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This is an early-successional forest dominated by <i>Pinus strobus</i>, typically with a very dense canopy and little understory. It is considered ruderal because it is commonly associated with anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., former old fields and formerly cleared flats along streams) that have caused a mix of species not found with natural disturbances. Associated woody and herbaceous species vary with geography. In the northeastern states, the tree canopy is often monotypic and even-aged, with occasional associates including <i>Acer rubrum, Juniperus virginiana, Liriodendron tulipifera</i> (within its range), or scattered <i>Quercus rubra</i> or <i>Quercus velutina</i>. In regions where northern hardwoods are more prevalent, canopy associates include <i>Fraxinus americana</i> and <i>Acer saccharum</i>. In the Southern Blue Ridge and nearby areas, typical canopy and subcanopy associates include <i>Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer rubrum, Pinus rigida</i>, and <i>Liquidambar styraciflua</i>, with <i>Tsuga canadensis</i> often forming a dense shrub stratum. The understory is typically poorly developed or characterized by scattered individuals found in the canopy. The herbaceous cover is variable depending on the density of tree and shrub cover, and may be characterized by ruderal or exotic species that favor openings or disturbance. In more open stands, typical species are those associated with old fields, including <i>Solidago rugosa, Solidago gigantea, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Poa pratensis, Schizachyrium scoparium, Elymus repens, Bromus inermis, Agrostis gigantea, Euthamia graminifolia, Achillea millefolium</i>, and <i>Daucus carota</i>. In stands that are more heavily forested, typical herbs include <i>Aralia nudicaulis, Ageratina altissima, Galium triflorum, Maianthemum canadense, Trientalis borealis, Mitchella repens, Polystichum acrostichoides</i>, and <i>Lycopodium</i> species. The particular composition of the herb layer will vary with geography. The substrate is usually covered by a thick layer of pine needle duff. In the Daniel Boone National Forest of Kentucky, <i>Pinus strobus</i> is spreading from plantings, especially in the Red River Gorge. |
Comm #775
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Quercus alba - (Quercus montana) / (Hydrangea quercifolia) - Viburnum acerifolium / Carex picta Forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:36496-{93806FC6-977C-4D00-950B-02CFCF0148A8}
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NatureServe Biotics 2019 |
25
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This association includes dry-mesic white oak forests of the southern Cumberland Plateau in Alabama and Tennessee. This forest occurs mostly over sandstone-derived soils, on middle to high slopes and ridges; also included are areas influenced by calcareous rocks or soils. Diagnostic features of this association are canopy dominance by <i>Quercus alba</i>, with an overall dry-mesic species composition, signified by the prominence of <i>Quercus montana, Vaccinium</i> spp., <i>Oxydendrum arboreum, Cornus florida</i>, and by the absence or low coverage of mesophytic forest species (e.g., <i>Fagus grandifolia, Tilia americana var. heterophylla, Ilex opaca var. opaca, Liriodendron tulipifera, Magnolia acuminata, Euonymus americanus</i>). In the Bankhead National Forest of Alabama, where the type was initially identified, the high constancy of <i>Magnolia macrophylla, Hydrangea quercifolia</i>, and Carex picta serve to help identify this type, but these taxa are not necessarily good indicators throughout its range, Additionally, <i>Pinus taeda</i> and/or <i>Pinus virginiana</i> (especially on higher slopes) may also be present but may indicate past disturbance. The most common subcanopy species are <i>Cornus florida, Oxydendrum arboreum</i>, and <i>Magnolia macrophylla</i> (within its range). On higher slopes and ridges <i>Nyssa sylvatica</i> and <i>Carya glabra</i> become additional, important subcanopy components. In areas with a calcareous influence, <i>Ostrya virginiana</i> may be dominant in the subcanopy. The shrub strata vary in density from site to site, but the constant shrub species are <i>Hydrangea quercifolia</i> and <i>Viburnum acerifolium</i>. On high slopes and ridges, <i>Vaccinium arboreum, Vaccinium stamineum</i>, and <i>Vaccinium pallidum</i> become shrub components, sometimes dominating the shrub layers. The herbaceous stratum can be sparse but often has patches of local dominance by <i>Carex picta</i> (within its range), especially on lower to middle slopes. <i>Piptochaetium avenaceum</i> and <i>Vitis rotundifolia</i> are characteristic of occurrences on high slopes and ridges. Additional herbs with high constancy are <i>Polystichum acrostichoides</i> and <i>Chimaphila maculata</i>, although other species may be present in more mesic examples of this forest. |
Comm #776
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Black cherry - northern hardwood forest
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org/ecoObs:commConcept:17485-{94046C36-F309-48B0-8AB8-90614E8109FB}
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Zimmerman et al. 2012 |
25
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Comm #777
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Adenostoma sparsifolium – Adenostoma fasciculatum – Arctostaphylos glauca Association
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegtwig.vegbank.org:commconcept:215-{AD903C4A-23D3-4FE6-B857-47A1FA21BF08}
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MCV2 |
25
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37.503.05 |
Comm #778
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Artemisia californica – Eriogonum fasciculatum – Opuntia littoralis / Dudleya (edulis) Association
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accession code: urn:lsid:vegtwig.vegbank.org:commconcept:72-{BFA3F300-1BAA-4FDB-875B-E9A124880D6C}
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Sproul et al. 2011 |
25
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32.110.08 |
Comm #779
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Paxistima myrsinites / Phlox diffusa Dwarf-shrubland [Proposed]
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accession code: urn:lsid:ecoobs.vegbank.org:commConcept:46-{EADF20C8-EE3A-490C-BBF9-B6A4EF9AE995}
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Ramm-Granberg 2020 |
25
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NVC Code CEGL008277 |
Comm #780
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Pseudotsuga menziesii / Holodiscus discolor / Calamagrostis rubescens Forest [Proposed]
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accession code: urn:lsid:ecoobs.vegbank.org:commConcept:37-{63AF01AD-4FA1-477D-B469-172325F1C6CB}
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Ramm-Granberg 2020 |
25
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NVC Code CEGL008268 |
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