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Tsuga mertensiana - Abies amabilis / Caltha leptosepala ssp. howellii Woodland | NatureServe Biotics 2019
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Name: Tsuga mertensiana - Abies amabilis / Caltha leptosepala ssp. howellii Woodland
Reference: NatureServe Biotics 2019
Description: This association occurs in the northwestern Cascade Range of Washington and the Coastal Mountains of British Columbia. This is a needle-leaved evergreen conifer forest or woodland, with relatively short trees. <i>Tsuga mertensiana</i> and <i>Abies amabilis</i> are the most abundant trees, averaging 32-37% cover each; <i>Callitropsis nootkatensis</i> is also sometimes prominent. The understory typically has a semi-open layer of deciduous broad-leaved shrubs about 0.5-1.5 m tall, mostly <i>Vaccinium ovalifolium</i>, and to a lesser degree <i>Vaccinium membranaceum, Menziesia ferruginea</i>, or <i>Rubus spectabilis</i>. The shrubs are typically clumped near the bases of trees. A relatively lush forb-dominated herbaceous layer always has abundant <i>Caltha leptosepala ssp. howellii</i>. Several other herbaceous species can be important, especially <i>Rubus pedatus, Streptopus lanceolatus var. curvipes, Athyrium filix-femina, Veratrum viride, Lysichiton americanus</i>, and <i>Valeriana sitchensis</i>. It occurs at elevations of 800-1550 m, on very moist to wet, poorly-drained, concave sites, with springs or seeps, typically occurring in linear stringers. Soils are saturated year-round and the snowpack is very deep (about 4 m). This association is distinguished from similar associations by at least 10% cover of <i>Caltha leptosepala ssp. howellii</i> and little to no <i>Oplopanax horridus</i> or <i>Nephrophyllidium crista-galli</i>. <i>Sphagnum</i> spp. are documented as abundant in British Columbia and probably also in Washington. 
Accession Code: urn:lsid:vegbank.org:commConcept:29410-{DDC735B0-0ACC-4AF4-9A01-1DC9B8B402A6}
Plot-observations of this Community Concept: 0
      Party Perspective according to: NatureServe (organization)
Perspective from: 26-Nov-1997 to: ongoing
      Names:   UID: ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.683547 NatureServe ExplorerNatureServe Explorer logo
  Code: CEGL000501
  Translated: Mountain Hemlock - Pacific Silver Fir / Howell's Marsh-marigold Woodland
  Scientific: Tsuga mertensiana - Abies amabilis / Caltha leptosepala ssp. howellii Woodland
(convergence) and Synonyms:
(similar) Tsuga mertensiana - Abies amabilis / Caltha leptosepala ssp. howellii Forest
(similar) CEGL000501
(similar) Tsuga mertensiana - Abies amabilis / Caltha leptosepala ssp. howellii Forest